SERIAL MULTIPLE MEDIATION OF SELF-TRANSCENDENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEAR OF COVID-19 AND SUBJECTIVE HAPPINESS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Gazanfer Anlı, Okan Bilgin

Abstract


During COVID-19 period, positive psychology and positive aspects of human nature become important. The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of self-transcendence and psychological resilience in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and subjective happiness in university students during the COVID-19 period. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Self-transcendence Scale and Subjective Happiness Scale were completed online by 437 university students. According to the results of correlation analysis, positive significant correlations were found between psychological resilience, self-transcendence and subjective happiness and fear of COVID-19 was negatively related to these variables. The mediating roles were examined by using the bootstrap method with Hayes’ PROCESS template. As a result of this analysis, the serial multiple mediation of self-transcendence and psychological resilience in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and subjective happiness was statistically significant. Obtained findings were discussed in line with the literature and suggestions were made to the researchers.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


positive psychology, psychological resilience, self-transcendence, subjective happiness, fear of COVID-19

Full Text:

PDF

References


Altıntaş, T. T. & Bıçakçı, M. Y. (2017). Prosocial behaviours in early childhood. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 4(57), 245–261.

Bajjani-Gebara, J., Hinds, P., Insel, K., Reed, P., Moore, K., & Badger, T. (2019). Well-being, self-transcendence, and resilience of parental caregivers of children in active cancer treatment: Where do we go from here?. Cancer Nursing, 42(5), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000662.

Bauerle, A., Teufel, M., Musche, V., Weismüller, B., Kohler, H., Hetkamp, M., ... & Skoda, E. M. (2020). Increased generalized anxiety, depression and distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Germany. Journal of Public Health, 42(4), 672-678.

Block, J. & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349-361.

Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., He, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X.

Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76–82.

Coward, D. D. (1996). Self-transcendence and correlates in a healthy population. Nursing Research, 45(2), 116-121.

Coward, D. D. (2003). Facilitation of self-transcendence in a breast cancer support group: II. Oncology Nursing Forum, 30(2), 291-300.

Davati, A., & Isanejad, A. (2020). The Correlation between Happiness and Self-transcendence in the Elderly of Khoshkrud, Zarandieh City. 23(133).

Deng, J., Zhou, F., Hou, W., Silver, Z., Wong, C. Y., Chang, O., ... & Zuo, Q. K. (2020). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID‐19 patients: a meta‐analysis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.

Doğan, T., & Totan, T. (2013). Psychometric properties of Turkish version of the Subjective Happiness Scale. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 1(1), 23-31.

Dvorsky, M. R., Breaux, R., & Becker, S. P. (2020). Finding ordinary magic in extraordinary times: child and adolescent resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 1-3.

Eldeleklioğlu, J., & Yıldız, M. (2020). Expressing emotions, resilience and subjective well-being: An investigation with structural equation modeling. International Education Studies, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n6p48

Farewell, C. V., Jewell, J., Walls, J., & Leiferman, J. A. (2020). A mixed-methods pilot study of perinatal risk and resilience during COVID-19. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 11, 2150132720944074.

Gable, S. L. & Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology?. Review of general psychology, 9(2), 103-110.

George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson.

Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS [Macro]. Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/introduction-to-mediation-moderation-and-conditional-process-analysis.html

Hubbard, J., Realmuto, G. M., Northwood, A. K., & Masten, A. S. (1995). Comorbidity of psychiatric diagnoses with post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of childhood traumac. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1167- 1173.

Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Karatzias, T., Bentall, R. P., ... & Vallières, F. (2020). Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 142(3), 249-256.

Khodabakhsh, S., & Ahmadi, S. (2020). The relationship between subjective happiness and social media usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of resilience. Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport, 38(2).

Kimhi, S., Marciano, H., Eshel, Y., & Adini, B. (2020). Resilience and demographic characteristics predicting distress during the COVID-19 crisis. Social Science & Medicine, 265, 113389.

Lalehkani M, Davati A, Isanejad A, & Jadid-Milani M. (2020). The Correlation between happiness and self-transcendence in the elderly of Khoshkrud, Zarandieh City. IJN.; 33 (123) :6-21.

Liu, P., Wang, X., Li, D., Zhang, R., Li, H., & Han, J. (2021). The benefits of self-transcendence: Examining the role of values on mental health among adolescents across regions in China. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 243.

Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562.

Lyubomirsky, S. & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46(2), 137-155.

Masten, A. (1994). Resilience in individual development: Successful adaptation despite risk and adversity. In M. C. Wang & E. W. Gordon (Eds.), Educational resilience in inner-city America: Challenges and prospects (3-25). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Masten, A. S. & Coastworth, J. D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53, 2, 205-220.

Mazza, M. G., De Lorenzo, R., Conte, C., Poletti, S., Vai, B., Bollettini, I., ... & Benedetti, F. (2020). Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 89, 594-600.

Morales-Vives, F., Dueñas, J. M., Vigil-Colet, A., & Camarero-Figuerola, M. (2020). Psychological variables related to adaptation to the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2438.

Nygren, B., Aléx, L., Jonsén, E., Gustafson, Y., Norberg, A., & Lundman, B. (2005). Resilience, sense of coherence, purpose in life and self-transcendence in relation to perceived physical and mental health among the oldest old. Aging & mental health, 9(4), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360500114415

Pearman, A., Hughes, M. L., Smith, E. L., & Neupert, S. D. (2020). Age differences in risk and resilience factors in COVID-19-related stress. The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 76(2), e38–e44. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa120

PeConga, E. K., Gauthier, G. M., Holloway, A., Walker, R. S., Rosencrans, P. L., Zoellner, L. A., & Bedard-Gilligan, M. (2020). Resilience is spreading: Mental health within the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(1), 47.

Politi, E., Van Assche, J., Caprara, G. V., & Phalet, K. (2020). No man is an island: Psychological underpinnings of prosociality in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak. Personality and Individual Differences, 110534.

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891.

Rabkin, J. G., Remien, R., Katoff, L., & Williams, J. B. W. (1993). Resilience in adversity among long-term survivors of AIDS. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44, 2, 162-167.

Reed, P. G. (1991). Toward a nursing theory of self-transcendence: Deductive reformulation using developmental theories. Advances in Nursing Science, 13(4), 64-77.

Rehman, U., Shahnawaz, M. G., Khan, N. H., Kharshiing, K. D., Khursheed, M., Gupta, K., ... & Uniyal, R. (2020). Depression, anxiety and stress among Indians in times of Covid-19 lockdown. Community Mental Health Journal, 1-7.

Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., ... & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 16(1), 1-11.

Sarıçam, H. (2015). Öz aşkınlık ölçeği Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri. Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal, 5, 25-34.

Satıcı, S. A. (2016). Psychological vulnerability, resilience, and subjective well-being: The mediating role of hope, Personality and Individual Differences 102, 68-73.

Satıcı, S. A., Kayis, A. R., Satıcı, B., Griffiths, M. D., & Can, G. (2020). Resilience, hope, and subjective happiness among the Turkish population: Fear of COVID-19 as a mediator. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-16.

Toprak, H. (2004). Ergenlerde mutluluk ve yaşam doyumunun yordayıcısı olarak psikolojik sağlamlık ve psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.

Walsh, F. (2020). Loss and resilience in the time of COVID‐19: Meaning making, hope, and transcendence. Family Process, 59(3), 898-911.

Wang, Z. H., Yang, H. L., Yang, Y. Q., Liu, D., Li, Z. H., Zhang, X. R., ... & Wang, X. M. (2020). Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptom, and the demands for psychological knowledge and interventions in college students during COVID-19 epidemic: A large cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 188-193.

Windle, G. (2011). What is resilience? A review and concept analysis. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 21(2), 152.

Wolf, L. J., Haddock, G., Manstead, A. S., & Maio, G. R. (2020). The importance of (shared) human values for containing the COVID‐19 pandemic. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59(3), 618-627.

Wong P. T. P. (2016). Meaning-seeking, self-transcendence, and well-being, in Logotherapy and Existential Analysis: Proceedings of the Viktor Frankl Institute, ed Batthyany A. (Cham: Springer), 311–321. 10.1007/978-3-319-29424-7_27.

Xiao, C. (2020). A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)- Related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry Investig., 17(2):175-6. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0047.

Xiao, Y., & Torok, M. E. (2020). Taking the right measures to control COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 523-524.

Zhao, S. Z., Wong, J. Y. H., Luk, T. T., Wai, A. K. C., Lam, T. H., & Wang, M. P. (2020). Mental health crisis under COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, China. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 100, 431-433.

Zhao, S., Lin, Q., Ran, J., Musa, S. S., Yang, G., Wang, W., Lou, Y., Gao, D., Yang, L., He, D., & Wang, M. H. (2020). Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 92, 214-217.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v9i7.4359

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Gazanfer Anlı, Okan Bilgin

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).