PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT, WORK ENGAGEMENT AND PAY SATISFACTION: A PATH MODEL ON RETENTION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Edgar O. Fernandez, Lyndon A. Quines

Abstract


In this study, psychological empowerment, work engagement, and pay satisfaction were used to estimate the best fit model for teacher retention at the Department of Education in Region XII. The study employed quantitative research design using path analysis and correlational approach which are under non-experimental research design. Using the stratified random sampling technique, the 400 secondary teachers from the divisions of South Cotabato, Koronadal, General Santos, and Sarangani were identified. The statistical tools that were used in interpreting the data were weighted mean, Pearson r correlation coefficient, and path analysis. Additionally, survey questions that had been adjusted, changed, and validated were employed. The outcome demonstrates the extremely high degree of psychological empowerment among secondary educators. Teachers also exhibit high levels of work engagement. Nonetheless, secondary teachers have a poor degree of salary satisfaction. As a result, secondary teachers have a high rate of teacher retention. Additionally, the results indicated that pay satisfaction was substantially connected with teacher retention when each independent variable was examined in relation to teacher retention. Additionally, there was a strong correlation between teacher retention and psychological empowerment. The best fit model for predicting teacher retention is model 3. According to the model, among secondary school teachers in Region XII, psychological empowerment and pay satisfaction are predictive factors of teacher retention.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


educational management, psychological empowerment, work engagement, pay satisfaction, teacher retention, path analysis, DepEd teachers, Region XII, Philippines

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alhmoud, A., & Rjoub, H. (2019). Total rewards and employee retention in a Middle Eastern context. SAGE open, 9(2), http://dx.doi.org/2158244019840118

Alias, N. E., Ismail, S., Othman, R., and Koe, W. L. (2018). Factors Influencing Turnover Intention in a Malaysian Manufacturing Company, KnE Soc. Sci., vol. 3, no. 10, p. 771, Oct., http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3171

Alias, N. E., Zailan, N. A., Jahya, A., Othman, R., & Sahiq, A. N. M. (2019). The effect of a supportive work environment on employee retention in the Malaysia information, communication, and technology (ICT) industry. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(8), 61-77, http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i8/6210

Arasanmi, C. N., & Krishna, A. (2019). Linking the employee value proposition (EVP) to employee behavioural outcomes. Industrial and Commercial Training, 51(7/8), 387-395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ICT-05-2019-0043

Bake, M. (2019). The importance of leadership and employee retention. Radiologic Technology, 90(3), 279-281. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.3-05

Bakker, A. B., & Bal, M. P. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 83(1), 189-206.

Banerjee, A. (2019). Failure of employee retention and its consequences on organization through content analysis. International Journal of Research-Granthaalayah, 7(3), 200-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317909X402596

Becker, G. M., DeGroot, M. H., & Marschak, J. (1964). Measuring utility by a single‐response sequential method. Behavioral Science, 9(3), 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830090304

Cran, C. (2015). The art of change leadership: Driving transformation in a fast-paced world. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/9781119124757

Doherty, J. (2020). A systematic review of literature on teacher attrition and school-related factors that affect it. Teacher Education Advancement Network Journal, 12(1), 75-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s1p371

Drake, T. J. (2012). Assessing Employee Engagement: A Comparison of the Job Engagement Scale and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Colorado State University: Department of Psychology. UMI Number: 1516919

Finocchiaro, P. A. (2022). What is the role of place attachment and quality of life outcomes in employee retention? Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, (ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-02-2022-0017

Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20161448

Heneman III, H. G., & Schwab, D. P. (1985). Pay satisfaction: Its multidimensional nature and measurement. International Journal of Psychology, 20(1), 129-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207598508247727

Herzberg, G., & Howe, L. L. (1959). The Lyman bands of molecular hydrogen. Canadian Journal of Physics, 37(5), 636-659. https://doi.org/10.1139/p59-070

Hom, P. W., Allen, D. G., & Griffeth, R. W. (2019). Employee retention and turnover: Why employees stay or leave. Routledge. https://doi.org/9781138503816

Ibrahim, I., Ali, K., & Zumrah, A. R. (2019). An Empirical Study: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction on The Relationship Between Belongingness and Employee Retention in Malaysian Manufacturing Industry. International Journal on Emerging Technologies. https://oarep.usim.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/11367

Kandaiya, S. (2019). Pay satisfaction and financial stress: a study of the school teachers in the Northern Province, Sri Lanka. In Pay Satisfaction and Financial Stress: A Study of the School Teachers in the Northern Province, Sri Lanka: Kandaiya, Sivarajah. [Sl]: SSRN. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368703261215

Li, J. J., Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Hom, P. W., & Griffeth, R. W. (2016). The effects of proximal withdrawal states on job attitudes, job searching, intent to leave, and employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(10), 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2015.12265abstract

Kumar, R., & Arora, R. (2018). Determinants of talent retention in BPO industry. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 259-273 http://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A325698272/AONE?u=anon~e38fe021&sid=googleScholar&xid=454d6ce0.

Masibigiri, V., & Nienaber, H. (2020). Factors affecting the retention of Generation X public servants: An exploratory study. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 9(1), 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v9i1.318

Nasir, F., Ashraf, M., & Riaz, M. (2019). The role of gender in employee retention: A study of private hospitals in Karachi. International Journal of Experiential Learning & Case Studies, 4(1), 157-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/ijelcs.v4i1.2452.g537

Noe, R. (2015). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, Ebook. McGraw Hill.

Rodríguez, A., & Korshenko, E. (2013). Linking employee empowerment and customer perceptions of service quality: Evidence from a Mexican medical retailing company. http://doi.org/10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20130305A01

Rohani, S. & Mumtaz, A. (2019). A Review on the Effects of Pay Satisfaction on Employee Engagement and Turnover: A Proposed Mediating Framework. Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ibm.2015.344.348

Santos, J. R. A. (1999). Cronbach’s alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of extension, 37(2), 1.

Sawaneh, I. A., & Kamara, F. K. (2019). An effective employee retention policies as a way to boost organizational performance. Journal of Human Resource Management, 7(2), 41-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.20190702.12

Sharma, M., Gupta, S., & Sharma, P. (2019). Impact of employee empowerment on retention of knowledge workers in higher education sector. International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature, 6(4), 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/K-04-2014-0077

Sheraz, F., Batool, S., & Adnan, S. (2019). Employee’s retention and job satisfaction: Mediating role of career development programs. The Dialogue, 14(2), 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v17i1.16

Singh, D. (2019). A literature review on employee retention with a focus on recent trends. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 6(1), 425-431. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST195463

Surange, S. (2020). A Strategic Investigation of Job Satisfaction and Employee Retention in Higher Educational Institutes an Employee Welfare Perspective. http://hdl.handle.net/10603/373562

Taha, O., & Esenyel, İ. (2019). The effect of internal complaints systems on employee retention and turnover intention: The mediating role of organizational justice. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(2), 1-28.

Taylor, J. A., & West, B. (2020). Estimating teacher attrition for impact study design. Educational Researcher, 49(1), 68-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X19880550

Theron, M. (2015). The development of a scale for talent retention (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria). http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50802

Thompson, C. B., & Panacek, E. A. (2020). Research study designs: Non-experimental. Air Medical Journal, 26(1), 18-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2006.10.003

Towers, E., & Maguire, M. (2019). Leaving or staying in teaching: A ‘vignette’ of an experienced urban teacher ‘leaver’ of a London primary school. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 23(8), 946–960. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2017.1358703

Tsang, M. C., Rumberger, R. W., & Levin, H. M. (1991). The impact of surplus schooling on worker productivity. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 30(2), 209-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1991.tb00786.x

Shqerat, E. A. (2022). The Role of Self-Leadership and Psychological Empowerment of the Faculty Members at Tafila Technical University. International Education Studies, 15(1), 166-176.

Valenzuela, S., & Bachmann, I. (2017). Path Analysis. http://doi:10.1002/9781118901731.iecrm0181.

Worth, J., Bamford, S., Van Den Brande (2019). Should I stay or should I go? NFER analysis of teachers joining and leaving the profession. NFER. https://doi.org//10707/392835




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i12.5122

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Edgar O. Fernandez, Lyndon A. Quines

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).