FROM NOTHING TO SOMETHING: TALE OF UNRAVELING THE SECRET TO SUCCESS OF A NEOPHYTE CRIMINOLOGIST IN TAKING LICENSURE EXAM

Jerine A. Pueblo, Marnie J. Besas, Geraldine D. Rodriguez

Abstract


This phenomenological study aimed to fathom the tale of unravelling the secret to the success of neophyte criminologists in passing the licensure examination. The study utilized a qualitative research design using a phenomenological approach, with 18 criminologists from Ramon Magsaysay Memorial College, General Santos City, chosen through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used as a data analysis tool. In light of this, results revealed the themes developed wherein this also discovered that the secret to the success of criminologists in taking and passing the CLE where they experienced mixed emotions, very challenging, stressful phenomena, feelings of nervousness, lack of preparation, frustrating events, remaining hopeful and positivism helps. In addition, criminologists experienced challenges like time constraints, financial problems, no face-to-face review, sleepless nights, anxiety situations and restrictions during the pandemic. On the coping mechanisms, criminologists pray harder, seek help, manage time well, rest when necessary, study hard, boost self-esteem, enrol in a review centre and practice the elimination methods. Furthermore, criminologists’ insights or realization revealed that preparation is necessary: take the review seriously, join a group study, give your best shot, surpass trials, increase faith and prioritize well-being. Taking a criminologist licensure exam requires extensive preparation and perseverance as they will encounter many challenges before they pass it. The insights learned by the neophyte criminologists make them more competent as professionals in their field of specialization.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


Criminology, neophyte criminologists, criminologist licensure examination, phenomenology, Philippines

Full Text:

PDF

References


Albina, A., Balasabas, J., & Pampilo, M., & Caballero, L. (2022). Factors and challenges influencing the criminologist licensure examination performance through the non-passers’ lens. European Journal of Educational Research. 11. 365-380. 10.12973/eu-jer.11.1.365.

Albite, R. (2019). A case study of topnotchers’ preparations and contributory attributes in passing the licensure examination for teachers. Southeastern Philippines Journal of Research and Development, 24(2), 45-68. https://doi.org/10.53899/spjrd.v24i2.19

Akkannavar, T. (2023). How performance pressure can affect student's learning process? Retrieved from https://www.thehighereducationreview.com/news/how-performance-pressure-can-affect-students-learning-process-nid-

Anderson, G. (2020). Mental health needs rise with pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/09/11/students-great-need-mental-health-support-during-pandemic

Araja, R. N. (2020). Resume for PRC board exams soon. Retrieved from https://manilastandard.net/news/national/341375/resume-prc-board-exams-soon.html

Mohd Arifin, S. R. (2018). Ethical Considerations in Qualitative Study. International Journal of Care Scholars, 1(2), 30–33. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v1i2.82

Bailey, J. (2008). First steps in qualitative data analysis: transcribing, Family Practice, Volume 25, Issue 2, April 2008, Pages 127–131, https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmn003

Bautista, J. (2020). 5 Benefits of taking breaks. UCL Home. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/students/news/2020/feb/5-benefits-taking-breaks

Barrow, D. (2017). A phenomenological study of the lived experiences of parents of young children with autism receiving special education services. Retrieved from https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4035/

Bashir, M. B. A., Albadawy, I. M. A. H., & Cumber, S. N. (2019). Predictors and correlates of examination anxiety and depression among high school students taking the Sudanese national board examination in Khartoum state, Sudan: a cross-sectional study. The Pan African medical journal, 33, 69. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.33.69.17516

Bhatnagar, V., Diaz, S. R., & Bucur, P. A. (2019). The Cost of Board Examination and Preparation: An Overlooked Factor in Medical Student Debt. Cureus, 11(3), e4168. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4168

Bhatt, V. (2021) Board exams 2021: Expert tips to score well in board exams. India Today Web Desk

Berongoy, M.F (2022).12 Ways to motivate yourself to study hard for exams. inspiring tips. Retrieved from https://inspiringtips.com/ways-to-motivate-yourself-to-study-hard-for-exams/

Binayao, B., & Dales, Z., (2020). A phenomenological study of the passers and non passers in the licensure examination for teachers. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. 5. 1704-1721. 10.38124/IJISRT20AUG828.

Blink P. (2023). Criminology graduate fails to pass board exam after failing in 3 board subjects despite 75.30 average. Retrieved from https://newspapers.ph/2023/05/criminology-graduate-fails-to-pass-board-exam-after-failing-in-3-board-subjects/#google_vignette

Briones, M. & Romero, V. (2020). Examining the personal factors affecting licensure preparation. Journal of English Education and Linguistics, 1(2). Retrieved from https://jurnal.stain-madina.ac.id/index.php/je2l/article/view/52

Busetto, L., Wick, W. & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurol. Res. Pract. 2, 14 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z

Butler, J., & Jaffe, S. (2021). Challenges and gratitude: a diary study of software engineers working from home during covid-19 pandemic. In 2021 IEEE/ACM 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice (ICSE-SEIP) (pp. 362-363). IEEE

Cabatbat, K. P. (2021) Bar exam takers amidst the COVID 19 pandemic, Journal of Public Health, 246, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab246

Cahapay, M. (2020). System admission test and licensure examination for teachers: the case of passed and conditional groups. College of Education, Mindanao State University, Fatima, General Santos City. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i4.9809

Camarin, K., Cabrasan, Y., Dapitanon, M. L., Finca, M. J., Navarro, G., & Rasay J. (2018). Factors affecting passing rate in taking board exam of BS criminology student in Um Tagum College. A Thesis Paper Presented to Thesis Committee University Of Mindanao Tagum College.

Canete, J. J. O. (2021). When expressions of faith in the Philippines becomes a potential COVID-19 'superspreader'. J Public Health (Oxf). 43(2)

Creswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: choosing among the five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. (pp. 77-83)

Cresswel, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method approaches (4th edition) Los Angeles, CA: Sage

Cruz, A. (2019). Everything you need to know about the criminology board exam. The Vision Board Categories. Edukasyon Ph

Crossman, A. (2020). An Overview of Qualitative Research Methods. Direct Observation, Interviews, Participation, Immersion, Focus Groups. Thought Co. https://www.thoughtco.com/qualitative-research-methods-3026555

Dasu, A. (2020). How to ace the IGCSE exams (even if you’re not a genius). https://medium.com/@anidasu14/how-to-ace-the-igcse-exams-even-if-youre-not-a-genius-7fd2607d2f55

DeJonckheere, M. V. (2018). LM Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: a balance of relationship and rigour. Family Medicine and Community Health 7 doi: 10.1136/fmch-2018-000057

Delve Ho, L., & Limpaecher, A. (2022). What is phenomenological research design? essential guide to coding qualitative data. Retrieved from https://delvetool.com/blog/phenomenology

Denzin V. & Lincoln P. (2012). Qualitative research involves an interpretive and naturalistic approach. Retrieved from https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/48453_ch_1.pdf

Devault, G. (2019). Establishing trustworthiness in qualitative research: learn About the Processes. Small Business. 4(8)

Dodzo, L (2020). Keeping hope alive amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. World Vision in Kenya. Retrieved from https://www.wvi.org/stories/coronavirus-health-crisis/keeping-hope-alive-amidst-covid-19-pandemic#:~:text=This%20will%20be%20achieved%20through,needs%20of%20vulnerable%20communities%20whose

Etikan, I., Musa S. A., & Rukayya A. (2020). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling.” American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics. Vol. 5, No.1, pp.1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11

Greenstone, M., & Nigam, V. (2020). Does social distancing matter? https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561244. Retrieved from https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wp-content/uploads/BFI_WP_202026.pdf

Fernandez, A. V. (2017). The subject matter of phenomenological research: existentials, modes, and prejudices. Synthese, 194, 3543–3562

Flores, F. (2020). Classroom and other personal experiences and board exam performance: perspectives from the civil engineering graduates. 10.13140/rg.2.2.26297.60004. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343509692_Classroom_and_Other_Personal_Experiences_and_Board_Exam_Performance_Perspectives_from_the_Civil_Engineering_Graduates

Forshaw, M., Rothwell & Thomson (2020). Feelings towards physical and behavioural adaptations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Psychology Update. epub ahead of print 24 July 2020. Available at: http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/13382/

France, E. F., Uny, I., & Ring, N. (2019). A methodological systematic review of meta-ethnography conducts to articulate the complex analytical phases. BMC Med Res Methodol 19, 35 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-019-0670-35

Galvez, D. (2020). PRC eyes online licensure exams amid COVID-19. Inquirer. Retrieved from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1342587/prc-eyes-online-licensure-exams-amid-covid-19

Gilbert, C. (2022). Advantages and disadvantages of online examination system. cirrus assessment. Retrieved from https://cirrusassessment.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-online-examination-system.

Gloria, M. J. (2018). UPLB topnotchers give board exam tips. Retrieved from https://uplb.edu.ph/all-news/uplb-topnotchers-give-board-exam-tips/

Gonzales, J. A. (2018). How to study for boards: avoid these 10 common mistakes plus 10 tips and strategies. Retrieved from https://knowledgeplus.nejm.org/blog/10-mistakes-studying-for-the-boards/

Grossi, G., Kallio, K.M., & Sargiacomo, M., & Skoog, M. (2019). Accounting, performance management systems and accountability changes in knowledge-intensive public organizations: a literature review and research agenda. Accounting auditing & accountability journal. 33. 256-280. 10.1108/aaaj-02-2019-3869.

Grove, C. (2016). How to overcome exam anxiety. The conversation. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/how-to-overcome-exam-anxiety-67445

Hagedorn, R. L., Wattick, R. A., & Olfert, M. D. (2022). My entire world stopped: college students’ psychosocial and academic frustrations during the covid-19 pandemic. Applied research in quality of life, 17(2), 1069-1090.

Haryani, M. (2021) How to effectively prepare for board exams in 2021. Retrieved from https://www.mindler.com/blog/how-to-prepare-for-exams/

Indeed. (2023). What is a criminologist? (with sample job description) Retrieved from https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/criminologists

India Today. (2022). How to manage mental health during exams: top tips from a psychiatrist. Retrieved from https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/featurephilia/story/how-to-manage-mental-health-during-exams-top-tips-from-a-psychiatrist-1644936-2020-02-10

Jamshed, G. (2014). The qualitative research interview: a phenomenological and hermeneutical mode of understanding. Journal of Appalachian health, 2(2), 67-69.

Krasuski J. (2022) How to get the most from group study for board exams. https://www.beattheboards.com/group-study-for-board-exams/

Korstjens, I., & Moser, A., (2018) Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. part 4: trustworthiness and publishing, european journal of general practice, 24:1, 120-124, doi: 10.1080/13814788.2017.1375092

Lafadchan, C. (2018) Licensure examination for criminologists (lec): performance of mpspc from october 2014 to june 2018

Lalani, F., & Li C. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education forever. World economic forum articles. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-covid19-online-digital-learning/

Lhamo, K., (2022). Students and teachers prepare for board exam amid uncertainties. Retrieved from https://kuenselonline.com/students-and-teachers-prepare-for-board-exam-amid-uncertainties/

Llego, M. A. (2023). Top reasons why most takers fail the licensure examination for teachers (let). Retrieved from https://www.teacherph.com/let-takers-fail

Loveless, B. (2023). Using study groups. education corner. Retrieved from https://www.educationcorner.com/study-groups.html

Lucier, KL. (2020). Here's why you shouldn't freak out about failing a college class. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/if-i-fail-a-class-in-college-793262

Lui, C. K., Chung, P. J., Wallace, S. P., & Aneshensel, C. S. (2014). Social status attainment during the transition to adulthood. Journal of youth and adolescence, 43(7), 1134–1150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0030-6

Maheshwari, G., & Shaukat, F. (2019). Impact of Poor Sleep Quality on the Academic Performance of Medical Students. Cureus, 11(4), e4357. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4357

Manglik, R. (2019). 10 tips to overcome board exam stress and anxiety professional regulation commission board news. India today web retrieved from https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/featurephilia/story/10-tips-to-overcome-board-exam-stress-and-anxiety-1429324-2019-01-12

Manwong R. (2020). Dealing with the criminology licensure examination. Retrieved from http://www.rkmfiles.net/criminology-articles/30-dealing-with-the-criminology-licensure-examination.html

Majid, M. A. A., Othman, M., Mohamad, S.., Lim, S. A. H., & Yusof, A. (2017). Piloting for interviews in qualitative research: operationalization and lessons learnt. international journal of academic research in business and social sciences, vol. 7, no. 4

Mapoy, A. J., & Labordo, U. E. (2021). Taking exams during the pandemic retrieved from Retrieved from https://mentalhealthph.org/03-30/

Matt S. (2021). 5 Effective Tips on how to pass the PRC board exam in one. Retrieved from https://mattscradle.com/how-to-pass-the-board-exam-tips-tricks-prayers/take

Marcy, S (2022). Studying together: should I join a study group?. Retrieved from https://www.lecturio.com/blog/medical/

Medelyan, A. (2022). Coding qualitative data: how to code qualitative research. Retrieved from https://getthematic.com/insights/coding-qualitative-data/

Moldoff, D. (2022). Problem solving skills are in high demand. learning the techniques of problem solving will last you a lifetime. Academy one. Retrieved from https://www.collegetransfer.net/home/changeswitchtransfer/i-want-to/earn-my-college-degree/overcoming-obstacles

Musico, J. (2018). Duterte inks law regulating criminology profession. Philippines News Agency. Retrieved from https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1054054

Narayanan, P., & Campuz, A., (2021). Overcoming challenges posed by class 12 board exam postponement. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/overcoming-challenges-posed-class-12-board-exam-pradeep-narayanan

Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T. & Varpio, L. (2019). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspect Med Educ 8, 90–97 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-0509-2

Nipas, A. J. (2016). Basic Tips on How to prepare for the board exams. https://www.icpa.ph/community/5-college-life/27-basic-tips-on-how-to-prepare-for-the-board-exams-by-ariel-joseph-b-nipas

Nolen, S. (2020). The importance of self-care during a pandemic. Javma news. Retrieved from https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2020-06-01/importance-self-care-during-pandemic

Nowell L. S., Norris J. M., White D. E., & Moules N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International journal of qualitative methods. doi:10.1177/1609406917733847. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1609406917733847

Orlanda-Ventayen, C. (2020). Academic predictors of the licensure examination for teachers: a thematic review of studies investigating students’ performance. Asian journal of multidisciplinary studies vol. 3, no. 1 (2020)

Ozcan, Z., Kulakiene, I., Vaz, S. C., Garzon, J. R. G., & Boubaker, A. (2022). Challenges and possibilities for board exams in the Covid-19 era: experience from the Fellowship Committee of European Board of Nuclear Medicine. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 49(5), 1442–1446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-022-05716-w

Parinas, M. & Obrero. (2012). Relevance of the topics in the criminologist licensure examination review program of the university of northern Philippines. Retrieved from https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=6971

Pattaguan, E. J. (2018). Factors that contribute to topping the board licensure examination for certified public accountant. Pacific business review international volume 10 issue 9, march 2018

Pregoner, J. D. (2020). The Truth behind the Fallen Leaves: Untold Stories of Unsuccessful LET Examinees. Preprints, 2020040506. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0506.v1

Polit D. F. & Beck C. T. (2014). Essentials of nursing research: appraising evidence for nursing practice 8th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Radwan, E., Radwan, A., & Radwan, W. (2021). Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study among Palestinian students (10–18 years). BMC Psychol 9, 187 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00688-2

Randolph, K. (2023). Energizing study break ideas & what to avoid. Retrieved from https://www.fastweb.com/student-life/articles/energizing-study-break-ideas-what-to-avoid

Reviewersph (2022). Criminology licensure exam (cle)passing rate for the past board exams. Retrieved from https://reviewersph.com/new

Sabharwal, A. (2019). 10 tips from a doctor on how to handle exam stress and test anxiety during board exams. India Today Web Desk. Retrieved from https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/featurephilia/story/10-tips-from-a-doctor-on-how-to-handle-exam-stress-and-test-anxiety-during-board-exams-1459775-2019-02-19

Samashti, C. (2021). Tips to give your best shot in exams. Samashti international school. Retrieved from https://samashti.in/blog/2020/03/17/10-tips-to-give-your-best-shot-in-exams/

Samrat, C. (2021). Amid pandemic-induced cancellation of board exams, lack of standardised evaluation poses challenges for students. Retrieved from https://www.firstpost.com/living/amid-pandemic-induced-cancellation-of-board-exams-lack-of-standardised-evaluation-poses-challenges-for-students-9704031.html

Sanduja, H. (2021). CBSE, board exams in the time of pandemic: The challenges faced by students. India TV Educational Desk. Retrieved from https://www.indiatvnews.com/education/news-cbse-board-exams-in-the-time-of-pandemic-the-challenges-faced-by-students-707093#:~:text=The%20lockdown%20seriously%20impacted%20this,homes%20and%20limited%20their%20interactions.&text=%2D%20Another%20fall%2Dout%20of%20the,socio%2Demotional%20well%2Dbeing.

Schaffner, A. K. (2020). Perseverance in psychology: meaning, importance & books. https://positivepsychology.com/perseverance/

Schelhorn, I., Schluter, S., & Paintner, K. (2020). Emotions and emotion up-regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262283

Scullin, M. K. (2018). The eight hour sleep challenge during final exams week. teaching of psychology, 46(1), 55–63.

Seltzer, L. (2021). How do you define success? Meeting personal goals must determine the success of one's life. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/evolution-the-self/202107/how-do-you-define-success

Shiraz, Z. (2023). Exam anxiety: 6 ways students can ghost negativity. Retrieved from https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/exam-anxiety-6-ways-students-can-ghost-negativity-101677058271343.html

Shuttleworth, M and Wilson, T. (2008). Qualitative research design. Retrieved from https://explorable.com/qualitative-research-design

Singh, H. (2022). Board Exams: An indispensable challenge to overcome. Retrieved from https://www.teenink.com/opinion/school_college/article/1160218/board-exams-an-indispensable-challenge-to-overcome

Soklaridis, S., Lin, E., Lalani, Y., Rodak, T., & Sockalingam, S. (2020). Mental health interventions and supports during COVID-19 and other medical pandemics: A rapid systematic review of the evidence. General Hospital Psychiatry, 66, 133–146.

SpunOut. (2020). How to handle exam stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Retrieved from https://spunout.ie/news/covid-19/how-to-handle-exam-stress-during-the-covid-19-pandemic

Subramaniam, M., Hanafi, J., & Putih, A. (2016). Teaching for art criticism: incorporating Feldman’s critical analysis learning model in students’ studio practice. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1086252

Swaim, E. (2019). 8 Tips to help tame test anxiety so you can test your best. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-overcome-test-anxiety

Takahashi, C. (2018). Factors affecting board takers of UPHSD in passing the criminology board examination. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/p/gyzfasou7uio/factors-affecting-board-takers-of-uphsd-in-passing-the-criminology-board-examination/

Tan, C., Chua, W., Vu, CK., & Chang, J. P. (2021). High-stakes examinations during the COVID-19 pandemic: to proceed or not to proceed, that is the question. Postgraduate Medical Journal 97:427-431.

Teherani A., Martimianakis T., Stenfors-Hayes T., Wadhwa A., & Varpio L. (2015). Choosing a qualitative research approach. J grad med educ. 7(4):669-70. doi: 10.4300/jgme-d-15-00414.1.

Tenny S, Brannan G.D., Brannan J.M. & Sharts-Hopk, N. (2022). Qualitative study. [updated 2022 may 24]. Retrieved from: https://w&ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/nbk470395/

Tinna, R. (2019). Why you should take the board exams seriously!. Retrieved from https://medium.rohantinna.com/why-you-should-take-the-board-exams-seriously-4ec9649d6ea2

Turale, S., Meechamnan, C., & Kunaviktikul, W. (2020). Challenging times: ethics, nursing and the COVID‐19 pandemic. International nursing review, 67(2), 164-167.

Revyouhub (2020). To self-review or to enroll in a review center?. Retrieved from https://www.revyouhub.com/to-self-review-or-to-enroll-in-a-review-center/

Umucu, E., & Lee, B. (2020). Examining the impact of COVID-19 on stress and coping strategies in individuals with disabilities and chronic conditions. Rehabilitation psychology, 65(3), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000328

Vagle, M. D. (2018). Crafting phenomenological research. Routledge.

Varma, P. (2020). Board exams: coping with stress, phobias and depressions. many students become vulnerable to anxiety. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/stressing-on-score/article61968571.ece

Vijay, E. N. (2020). Tips for students preparing for board exams 2021 in the covid-19 pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today.737753-2020-11-03

Wa-Mbaleka, S. (2020). Changing lives through qualitative research: some practical principles and practices for advocacy. International forum vol. 23, no. 2 December 2020 pp. 130-142

Webster, K. (2020). Student perceptions of barriers to professional exam success. The internet journal of allied health sciences and practice. volume 18 number 1 article 13.

Wilding, C., & Whiteford, G. (2005). Phenomenological research: an exploration of conceptual, theoretical, and practical issues. OTJR: occupation, participation and health, 25(3), 98-104.

Writer, S. (2020). What are causes and effects of failing grades?. https://www.reference.com/world-view/causes-effects-failing-grades-404f55903dc12f1c

Yusefzadeh, H., Amirzadeh Iranagh, J., & Nabilou, B. (2019). The effect of study preparation on test anxiety and performance: a quasi-experimental study. Advances in medical education and practice, 10, 245–251. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S192053




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v11i6.5367

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Jerine A. Pueblo, Marnie J. Besas, Geraldine D. Rodriguez

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).