IMPLEMENTATION OF ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS) AND THE 21ST CENTURY LIFE SKILLS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN REGION XII: BASIS FOR CONTEXTUALIZED POLICY

Aurelio C. Cagang

Abstract


This study evaluated the implementation of the Alternative Learning System (ALS) and the 21st-century life skills of Region XII senior high schools with an end view of proposing a contextualized policy recommendation. The study was conducted in the Department of Education across the region, specifically in Sultan Kudarat, North Cotabato, General Santos City, and Sarangani Province. It sought to answer problems on learning resources materials, learning environment, learning assessment, distance learning modalities, flexible learning programs, partnership with stakeholders, and learning facilities, and the 21st-century life skills focused on the information, media, and technology skills, learning and innovation skills, communication skills, and life and career skills of senior high school. This research employed the explanatory sequential mixed methods design, delving into implementing the Alternative Learning System (ALS). An in-depth interview was employed to explore the study's qualitative aspects and unveil the perceptions of the selected senior high school teachers. Results showed that the level of implementation and level of effectiveness in 21st-century life skills of the Alternative Learning System (ALS) was rated High by SHS teachers. There was a significant positive relationship between these variables, which means that high implementation would significantly affect the effectiveness of the 21st-century life skills of ALS. The results of the quantitative and qualitative data served as a basis for crafting the policy guidelines on specialization, hiring, deployment, promotions, and benefits of ALS teachers must be implemented. Results also revealed that financial or government subsidies to ALS learners to support their learning needs must be available, and the partnership of industry partners and possible work opportunities must be strengthened.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


ALS implementation, policy recommendation, 21st Century life skills, flexible learning program, career life skills, Philippines

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aaron, L. (2006). Program director satisfaction with leadership skills. Radiologic Technology, 78(2), 104-112.

Abas, Hadji Hanifa T. and Marasigan, Arlyne P. (2020). Readiness of science laboratory facilities of the public junior high school in Lanao Del Sur, Philippines. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2(2) Available at SSRN: https:// ssrn.com/abstract=3606078

Abasolo, A. C. (2017). Developing a scheme of action for an enhanced alternative learning system. Developing A Scheme of Action for Enhanced Alternative Learning System. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/35207632/

Abenes, F. M. & Caballes, D. (2020). Readiness of Tertiary Students in Flexible Learning Approach. International Journal of Automation and Autonomous System 12(3)

Adedoyin, O. B., and Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities. Interact. Learn. Environ. doi: 10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180

Arinto, P. (2016). Issues and challenges in open and distance e-learning: perspectives from the Philippines. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(2). https://files.eric.ed. gov/fulltext /EJ1093775.pdf

Arpilleda, J. M. (2018). Problems encountered by mobile teachers assigned in Tandag City Division, Surigao del Sur: A Case Study, Surigao del Sur State University, Tandag City, Philippines. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 3 (5) Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3263400

Ary, E. J., and Brune, C. W. (2011). A comparison of student learning outcomes in traditional and online personal finance courses. MERLOT J. Online Learn. Teach. 7, 465–474.

Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Irvine, C. K. S., & Walker, D. (2018). Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning.

Arzadon, M., & Nato Jr, R. (2015, December). The Philippine alternative learning system: expanding the educational future of the deprived, depressed, and underserved. In The 9th International Conference on Researching Work and Learning (RWL9) on (pp. 9-12).

Asio, J. R. and Jimenez, E. C. (2020). Effect of remediation activities on grade pupils’ academic performance in technology and livelihood education (TLE). Pedagogical Research, 5(3)

Atilano, E. B., Desipeda, C. J., Domingo, Z. J., Garbin, S. N., & Omanito, R. A. (2016). Factors influencing the dropout rate in Alternative Learning System Accreditation and Equivalency Program. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 6(4), 99-109

Atchley, W., Wingenbach, G., and Akers, C. (2013). Comparison of course completion and student performance through online and traditional courses. Int. Rev. Res. Open Dist. Learn. 14, 104–116. doi: 10.19173/irrodl.v14i4.1461

Aubrey A. (2020). No-Touch Greetings Take Off: People Are Getting Creative About Saying ‘Hi'. National Public Radio (2020). Available online at: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/03/15/814540484/no-touch-greetings-take-off-people-are-getting-creative-about-saying-hi (accessed July 6, 2020).

Avargil, S. (2019). Learning chemistry: self-efficacy, chemical understanding, and graphing skills. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 28(4), 285–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-018-9765

Aviram, A., & Eshet-Alkalai, Y. (2006). Towards a theory of digital literacy: Three scenarios for the next steps. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 9 (1).

Baticulon, R. E., Sy, J. J., Alberto, N. R. I., Baron, M. B. C., Mabulay, R. E. C., Rizada, L. G. T. & Reyes, J. C. B. (2021). Barriers to online learning in the time of COVID-19: A national survey of medical students in the Philippines. Medical science educator, 31(2), 615-626.

Baturay, M. H., Gökçearslan, S., Ke, F. (2017). The relationship among pre-service teachers' computer competence, attitude towards computer-assisted education, and intention of technology acceptance, International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning 9(1).

Bean, C., Kramers, S., Forneris, T. & Camiré, M. (2018). The implicit/explicit continuum of life skills development and transfer, Quest, 70:4, 456-470, DOI: 10.1080/00336297.2018.1451348

Belaineh, M. S. (2017). Students’ conception of the learning environment and their approach to learning and its implication on quality education Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia. Received 27 April, 2017; Accepted 26 May, 2017

Bell, D. L. (2021). The Arkansas Code and Georgia v. Public. Resource. Org. Forthcoming Arkansas Law Notes.

Bergmann J., Sams A. (2012). International society for technology in education; Washington DC: Flip Your Classroom: Reach Every Student in Every Class Every Day; pp. 20–190.

Berkenmeyer, N. and S. Müller (2010). Schulinterne Evaluation - nur ein Instrument zur Selbststeuerung von Schulen?, in Altrichter, H. and K. Maag Merki (eds.), Handbuch Neue Steuerung im Schulsystem, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden.

Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Schmid, R. F., Tamim, R. M., & Abrami, P. C. (2014). A meta-analysis of blended learning and technology use in higher education: From the general to the applied. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 26(1), 87-122.

Bernardo, J. (2020, July 30). Modular learning most preferred parents: DepEd. ABS-CBN News. https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/30/20/modular-learning-most-preferred-by-parentsdeped

Bischoff, K., Volkmann, C. K. & Audretsch, D. B. (2018). Stakeholder collaboration in entrepreneurship education: an analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystems of European higher educational institutions. J Technol Transf 43, 20–46 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9581-0

Bloemer, W., & Swan, K. (2015). Investigating informal blending at the University of Illinois Springfield. In A. G. Picciano, C. D. Dziuban, & C. R. Graham (Eds.), Blended learning: Research perspectives, (vol. 2, pp. 52–69). New York: Routledge.

Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interviews. Medical education, 40(4), 314-321.

Build the 21st century classroom infrastructure. (2018). T H E Journal, 45(2), 11-12

Bulut, S. and Maraba, D. (2021). Generation z and its perception of work through habits, motivations, expectations preferences, and work ethics, Psychology and Psychotherapy: Research Studies DOI: 10.31031/PPRS.2020.04.000593

Burnsed, B. (2010, November 2). Online universities: Government cracks down on for-profit school. US News & World Report. Retrieved from http://www.usnews.com/education/online-education/articles/2010/11/02/onlineuniversities-government-cracks-down-on-for-profit-schools

Burano, V. (2016). Social responsibility messages and worker wage requirements: Field experimental evidence from online labor. Organization Science, Vol. 27, No. 4, https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2016.1066

Burbank, Mary D.; Goldsmith, Melissa M.; Park Eldredge, Koeun; and Spikner, Jennifer (2021). Partnerships, action, and collaboration, together (pact): a community-based partnership where innovation, collaboration, and impact reshape stakeholders’ vision, Journal of Community Engagement and Scholarship: Vol. 14: Issue. 1, Article 7.

Available at: https://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/jces/vol14/iss1/7

Bustamante, Jeson (2019). Senior High School Work Immersion Pioneers: A Phenomenological Study. Volume 7. 66. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354126346_SENIOR_HIGH_SCHOOL_WORK_IMMERSION_PIONEERS_A_PHENOMENOLOGICAL_STUDY

Butcher, J. (2020). Public-private virtual-school partnerships and federal flexibility for schools during COVID-19. Policy Brief, 1–5 Retrieved from https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/butcher-virtual-schools-covid-19-mercatus-v1.pdf.

Cabardo, J. R. (2016). Levels of participation of the school stakeholders to the different school-initiated activities and the implementation of school-based management. Journal of Inquiry and Action in Education, v8 n1 p81-94 2016

Cakir, R. (2012). Technology integration and technology leadership in schools as learning organizations. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology (TOJET), 11, 273-282.

Calmorin, L. P. & M. A. Calmorin (2012). Methods of research and thesis writing. 1st edition. (Reprint) Manila: Rex Books Store.

Calvo, N. & Calvo, F. (2018). Corporate social responsibility and multiple agency theory: A case study of internal stakeholder engagement, Corp Soc Resp Env Ma. 25: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1633

Caraos, M. (2021). partnership programs of the school governance and operations division in Batangas Province, IJRESM 4(7) pp. 442–447.

Carreon, D. (2021). Teachers’ readiness and challenges in modular distance learning 6 Pages Posted: 22 Dec 2021 Last revised: 28 Jan 2022 Independent Date Written: October 17, 2021

Collie, R. J. (2018). Social-emotional need satisfaction, prosocial motivation, and students’ positive behavioral and well-being outcomes. Social Psychology of Education, 25(2), 399-424.

Commission Joint Research Centre (2016). Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. Retrieved from http://digcomp.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/DIGCOMP1.0-2013.pdf

Correll, R. (2018). What is occupational health and safety. Very will health [accessed 1 May 2019]. Available: www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-occupational-health-and-safety4159865

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Sage publications.

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Differing perspectives on mixed methods research. Journal of mixed methods research, 1(4), 303-308.

Creswell J. W., & Plano Clark V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage.

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.

Dalle, J., Raisinghani, M., Putra, A., Suriansyah, A., Hadi, S., Saharam B. (2021). A Technology Acceptance Case of Indonesian Senior School Teachers: Effect of facilitating learning environment and learning through experimentation, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Texas Woman's University, USA, International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design (IJOPCD) 11(4)

Dangle, Y. R., & Sumaoang, J. (2020). The implementation of Modular Distance Learning in the Philippine Secondary Public Schools 1Ysthr Rave Montessori Class Directress, British International School of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia College Instructor, University of the Cordilleras, Baguio City, Philippines

Darabi A., Jin L. (2013). Improving the Quality of Online Discussion: the effects of strategies designed based on cognitive load theory principles. Distance Educ. 34(1):21–36.

Department of Education. (2021). DTFC-Memo_372_0421069_Guidance-on-Covid-19-Vaccination-for-DepEd-Teaching-and-Non-Teaching-Personnel. Cop

Dong, L. N. T., & Phuong, N. N. D. (2018). Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Higher Education Institutions: A Research Proposition in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 5(3), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2018.VOL5.NO3.113

Dringus, L. P., and A. B. Seagull (2015). A five-year study of sustaining blended learning initiatives to enhance academic engagement in computer and information sciences campus courses. In Blended learning: Research perspectives. Vol. 2. Edited by A. G. Picciano, C. D. Dziuban, and C. R. Graham, 122-140. New York: Routledge.

Driscoll, A., Jicha, K., Hunt, A. N., Tichavsky, L., and Thompson, G. (2012). Can online courses deliver in-class results? A comparison of student performance and satisfaction in an online versus a face-to-face introductory sociology course. Am. Sociol. Assoc. 40, 312–313. doi: 10.1177/0092055X12446624

Dubey, S., Piroska, B., & Gautam, M. (2019). Exploration of factors affecting learners’ motivation in e-learning. International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering, and Information Technology, 5(2), 2456.

Dudhade, Bhagyashree (2021). Life Skills for 21st century, Swami Vivekanand College of Education, Pune, Maharashtra

Dziuban, C., Hartman, J., Cavanagh, T., & Moskal, P. (2011). Blended courses as drivers of institutional transformation. In A. Kitchenham (Ed.), Blended learning across disciplines: Models for implementation, (pp. 17–37). Hershey: IGI Global.

Dziuban, C., & Moskal, P. (2011). A course is a course is a course: Factor invariance in student evaluation of online, blended, and face-to-face learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education, 14(4), 236–241.

Ebona, J. Mae (2020). Key roles of teachers in new normal education. ML Pineda Elementary School, South Butuan District II. October 13, 2020

Eich, D. J. (2022). Innovation skills for the future: Insights from research reports. Innovation Training. Retrieved from https://www.innovationtraining.org

Mulang, H. (2021). The Effect of Competences, Work Motivation, Learning Environment on Human Resource Performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 1(2), 84 - 93. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v1i2.52

Hazar, E., Akkutay, U., & Keser, H. (2021). Information, media and technology skills in terms of curricula, process and product in middle and high schools. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 5(3), 288-310. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.252

Hernando-Malipot, M. (2020). 93 Percent of Public Schools Already Received Online Gadgets-DepEd. Retrieved from https://mb.com.ph/2020/08/25/93-percent-of-public-schools-already-received-online-gadgets

Howardson, G. N., & Behrend, T. S. (2015). The relative importance of specific self-efficacy sources in pertaining self-efficacy beliefs. International Journal of Training & Development, 19(4), 233-252. doi:10.1111/ijtd.12060

Heikkilä, J.-P., Rentto, O., & Feng, Y. (2017). Aiming for strategic e-hrm: motives and consequences of EHRM implementation in an MNC. Electronic HRM in the Smart Era, 173–199. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-315-92016 1007

Herbert C., Velan G. M., Pryor W. M, Kumar R. K. (2017). A model for the use of blended learning in large group teaching sessions. BMC Medical Education. 17(1):197.

Hernando-Malipot, M. (2020). 93 Percent of Public Schools Already Received Online Gadgets-DepEd. Available: https://mb.com.ph/2020/08/25/93-percent-of-public-schools-already-received-online-gadgets

Hermanto, D., Wahyudin, A., & Masrukan (2018). The role of self-regulation in moderating the environmental influences to the learning outcome. Journal of Primary Education. 7(1): 113-120

Hilliard, A. T. and Newsome, E. Jr (2013). Effective communication and creating professional learning communities is a valuable practice for superintendents. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 353-364

Hilton, M. (2010). Exploring the intersection of science education and 21st century skills: A Workshop Summary. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press

Hixson, N., Ravitz, J., Whisman, A. (2012). Extended professional development in project-based learning: Impacts on 21st century teaching and student achievement. Charleston: West Virginia Department of Education.

Hjorth, L. & Hinton, S. (2019). Understanding social media. Understanding Social Media, 1-232.

Jacob, S. M., & Issac, B. (2014). The mobile devices and its mobile learning usage analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:1410.4375.

Jacobson, V. L. (2016, March). Pedagogical implementation of 21st century skills. Educational Leadership and Administration: Teaching and Program Development, 27, 82-100

Jamal, Samsul (2020). Analisis Kesiapan Pembelajaran E-Learning Saat Pandemi Covid19 di SMK Negeri 1 Tambelangan. Jurnal Nalar Pendidikan. 8.1. 16-22

Paul, J. & Jefferson, F. (2019). A Comparative Analysis of Student Performance in an Online vs. Face-to-Face Environmental Science Course From 2009 to 2016. Frontiers in Computer Science. 1. 7. 10.3389/fcomp.2019.00007.

Ji, YG, Li, C., North, M., & Liu, M. (2017 Staking reputation on stakeholders: How does stakeholders’ Facebook engagement help or ruin a company’s reputation? Robertson School of Media and Culture, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2034, United States. March 2017, Pages 201-210 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2016.12.004

Jimenez, E. C., and Csee, F. (2020). Motivating factors of teachers in developing supplementary learning materials (SLMs). International Journal of Advanced Research, vol. 8, no. 5, 2020, pp. 108-113.

Joan, R. (2013). Flexible learning as new learning design in classroom process to promote quality education, i-manager’s Journal on School Educational Technology, 9(1)

Joaquin, J. J. B., Biana, H. T., & Dacela, M. A. (2020). The Philippine higher education sector in the time of COVID-19. In Frontiers in Education (p. 208). Frontiers. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020. 576371

Johnson, P. (2009). The 21st century skills movement. Educational Leadership, 67, 11.

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2016). Higher education and the digital revolution: About MOOCs, SPOCs, social media, and the Cookie Monster. Business Horizons, 59(4), 441–450. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. bushor.2016.03.008

Karalis, T. (2020). Planning and evaluation during educational disruption: Lessons learned from Covid-19 pandemic for treatment of emergencies in education. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(4), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789022

Kartal, G. (2010). Does language matter in multimedia learning? Personalization principle revisited. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 615.

Kaufman, K. (2013). 21 Ways to 21st Century Skills: Why Students Need Them and Ideas for Practical Implementation. Kappa Delta Pi Record. 49. 78-83. 10.1080/00228958.2013.786594.

Kaware, S. S. & Sain, S. K. (2015). ICT application in education: An overview. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach & Studies, 2(1), 25-32.

Maison, Syahrial, Syamsurizal, & Tanti (2019). Learning environment, students’ beliefs, and self-regulation in learning physics: Structural equation modeling. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 18(3), 389-403. 2019.

Malipot, M. (2020). DepEd: Most students prefer ‘modular’ learning over online. Manila Bulletin. https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/03/deped-most-students-prefer-modular-learning-over-online/

Maltese, A. V., & Tai, R. H. (2011). Pipeline persistence: Examining the association of educational experiences with earned degrees in STEM among U.S. students. Science Education, 95(5), 877–907

Mann, J. T., and Henneberry, S. R. (2014). Online versus face-to-face: students' preferences for college course attributes. J. Agric. Appl. Econ. 46, 1–19. doi: 10.1017/S1074070800000602

Mantra, I. B. N., Budiningsih, D. N., Astuti, P. S., & Puspawati, D. A. (2021). A portrayal of portfolio as an alternative online learning assessment. International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 249-254. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijss.v4n2.1724

Maram Fuad Abu Al-Nadi & Hatem Ahmed Alsarairah (2018). The state of leadership skills of senior students at schools of 2nd educational directory at Zarqa City. Modern Applied Science 12(10).

Maree, K., & Van der Westhuizen, C. (2007). Planning a research proposal. First steps in research, 1(2)

Margot, K. C., & Kettler, T. (2019). Teachers’ perception of STEM integration and education: a systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 6(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594- 018-0151-2.

Marhamah, S., Yolanda, A., Sari, R. A., & Nurismilida, N. (2021). Pengaruh Fasilitas Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Pada Perguruan Tinggi. Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 1(2), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.47709/educendikia.v1i2.1023

Marteney, T., & Bernadowski, C. (2016). Teachers’ perceptions of the benefits of online instruction for students with special educational needs. British Journal of Special Education, 43(2), 178-194. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12129

Martinico-Perez, M. F. G., Schandl, H., Fishman, T., & Tanikawa, H. (2018). The socio-economic metabolism of an emerging economy: monitoring the progress of decoupling of economic growth and environmental pressures in the Philippines. Ecological Economics, 147, 155-166.

OECD (2017), PISA 2015 Assessment and Analytical Framework: Science, Reading, Mathematic, Financial Literacy and Collaborative Problem Solving, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264281820-en.

OECD, (2018). PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework OECD (2019), PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/b25efab8-en.

Odeh, R. C., Oguche, O. A., & Ivagher, E.D. (2015). Influence of school environment on academic achievement of students in secondary schools in the zone “A” Senatorial District of Benue State, Nigeria; International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 6, Issue, 7, pp.4914- 4922. Accessed 15/11/19 from http://www.recentscientific.com/sites/default/files/2746.pdf

Olakanmi E.E. (2017). The effects of a flipped classroom model of instruction on students’ performance and attitudes towards chemistry. J. Sci. Educ. Tech. 2017;26(1):127–137.

Ortega, M. S., Quijano, M. C., & Yu, R. C. (2010). Differing conditions of home and school facilities as a Drag on academic performance on the onset of menarche evidence from Col. E. De Leon Elementary School, Parañaque City, Philippines. Retrieved from https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/etd_bachelors/11746

Ozerbas, M., & Erdogan, B. (2016). The effect of the digital classroom on success and online technologies self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(4), 203-212.

Ozga, J. (2012). Assessing PISA, European Educational Research Journal, Vol. 11/2, pp. 166- 171, http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2012.11.2.166

Owusu-Agyeman, Y., and Amoakohene, G. (2020). Transnational education delivery in Ghana: examining the benefits, challenges and future prospects. Pol. Rev. High. Educ. 4, 135–163. DOI: 10.1080/23322969.2020.1774408

Padullo, Wenifreda O. (2018). Leadership Styles, Skills and Ethical Management Behavior of administrators in government higher education institutions, Asian Journal of Governance and Education, Retrieved from https://journal.evsu.edu.ph/index.php/ajge/article/view/140

Pangestika, W. N., & Manurung, T. (2016). The relationship of emotional quotient and learning interest on learning results of student grade XI Ipa Sma Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar Academic Year 2015/2016. Jurnal Pelita Pendidikan. 4(1): 179-187.

Rivera, J. (2017). The blended learning environment: A viable alternative for special needs students. Journal of Education and Training Studies 5(2), Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1125804.pdf

Roberts, T., Jackson, C., Mohr-Schroeder, M. J., Bush, S. B., Maiorca, C., Cavalcanti, M., ... & Cremeans, C. (2018). Students’ perceptions of STEM learning after participating in a summer informal learning experience. International journal of STEM education, 5(1), 1-14.

Roble, D. M. L. (2021). Competency level, employers’ expectations and work immersion performance of senior high school technical-vocational and (TVL) students. Asian Journal on Perspectives in Education Vol. 2, Retrieved from https://ajpe.feu.edu.ph/index.php/ajpe/article/view/7657

Robles, A. C. Acedo, E., & (2019). Development and validation of educational video tutorials for 21st-century secondary learners. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(2), 42-49.

Ross, D. (2017). Empowering our students with 21st-century skills for today, global education consultant and former CEO of the partnership for 21st-century learning. Retrieved from https://www.gettingsmart.com/2017/04/24/empowering-students-21st-century-skills/

Rotermund, S., DeRoche, J., & Ottem, R. (2017). Teacher professional development by selected teacher and school characteristics: 2011-12. [Stats in Brief]. NCES 2017-200. National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved from: https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2017/2017200.pdf.

Rovai, A. P., & Jordan, H. M. (2004). Blended learning and sense of community: A comparative analysis with traditional and fully online graduate courses. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 5(2), 1-13.

Rushton, L. (2017) The global burden of occupational disease. in Current Environmental Health Report, 4:340–348

Sachs, J. (2016). Teacher professionalism: why are we still talking about it? Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 22(4), 413–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1082732

Saito, Hiro & Ruhanen, Lisa. (2017). Power in tourism stakeholder collaborations: Power types and power holders. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 31. 189-196. 10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.01.001.

Salcedo, C. S. (2010). Comparative analysis of learning outcomes in face-to-face foreign language classes vs. language lab and online. J. Coll. Teach. Learn. 7, 43–54. doi: 10.19030/tlc.v7i2.88

Sandars, J., Correia, R., Dankbaar, M., de Jong, P., Goh, P. S., Hege, I., et al. (2020). Twelve tips for rapidly migrating to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. MedEdPublish 9:82. doi: 10.15694/mep.2020.000082.1

Stohlmann, M., Moore, T., & Roehrig, G. (2012). Considerations for Teaching Integrated STEM Education. Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research, 2(1), 28–34.

Study.com (2018). Types of Learning Environments: Accessed 2/10/2019 from https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-learning-Environment.html#transcriptHeader

Sulistyo, Teguh & Eltris, Katharina & Mafulah, Siti & Budianto, Suhartawan & Marhaban, Saiful & Heriyawati, Dwi. (2020). Portfolio assessment: Learning outcomes and students’ attitudes. Studies in English Language and Education. 7. 141-153. 10.24815/siele.v7i1.15169.

Usman, O. and Noviana, M. (2021). The effect of learning facilities, learning motivation, and learning discipline on learning achievement (Case Study on UNJ Office Administration Students) (December 30, 2021). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3996816 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3996816

Usman, Y. D. (2016). Why teachers need professional development. Daily Sun Newspaper.26th Sep, P.14 .Available also at https://www.sunnewsonline.com

Valenzuela, E.P. (2021). The Elaboration of Content Knowledge and Pedagogy. The Normal Lights, 15(2).

Van den Berghe, L., Soenens, B., Aelterman, N., Cardon, G., Tallir, I. B., & Haerens, L. (2014). Within-person profiles of teachers’ motivation to teach: Associations with need satisfaction at work, need-supportive teaching, and burnout. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(4), 407–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.04.001

Vangrieken, K., Meredith, C., Packer, T., & Kyndt, E. (2017). Teacher communities as a context for professional development: a systematic review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 61, 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.10.001

Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2009). Improving digital skills for the use of online public information and services. Government Information Quarterly, 26(2), 333-340.

Velentzas, J. and Broni, G. (2014). Communication cycle: definition, process, models and examples, Recent Advances in Financial Planning and Product Development, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Finance, Accounting and Law (ICFA ’14), Istanbul, Turkey, 15-17 December 2014, pp. 117-131.

Vicente, J. B. (2019). Appraisal of the intervention programs for high profile inmates in the Philippines. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 8(10), 136-205.

Villenes, R. M., Igliane-Villenes, M., & Alcaraz, A. M. R. (2018). Increasing the learning performance and experiences of the Accreditation and Equivalency (A&E) learners through MELMA (Mobile-based Enhancement Learning Material). KnE Social Sciences, 1046-1063.

Virgin, Junnilalita & Bharati, Dwi. (2020). Teachers’ Perception, Plan, and Implementation of Portfolio Assessment in Students’ Writing Assessment. English Education Journal. 10. 143-153. 10.15294/eej.v10i1.34231.

Vuorikari, R., Punie, Y., Carretero Gomez S., & Van den Brande, G. (2016). DigComp 2.0: The digital competence framework for citizens. Update phase 1: The conceptual reference model: Luxembourg Publication Office of the European Union. http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC101254/jrc101254_digcomp

Yebowaah, F. A. (2018). Internet use and its effect on senior high school students in WA municipality of Ghana. Library Philosophy & Practice 1817. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1817/

Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of applied psychology, 90(6), 1265.

Zou, C., Zhao, W., and Siau, K. (2020a). COVID-19 calls for remote reskilling and retraining. Cutter Bus. Technol. J. 33, 21–25.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v11i6.5374

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Aurelio C. Cagang

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).