SUBJECT-VERB CONCORD PROFICIENCY AMONG EFL BOSNIAN STUDENTS

Melisa Bureković, Šejla Perenda, Edina Rizvić-Eminović

Abstract


This study explores the application of subject-verb concord rules among Bosnian EFL students, focusing on the influence of proficiency level, academic performance in grammar-related subjects, and preferences for American or British English. Guided by three research questions, the study examines whether students’ general language proficiency impacts their ability to correctly apply subject-verb concord rules, whether there is a correlation between their grammar course grades and performance on a concord-focused questionnaire, and whether students demonstrate a preference for American or British English concord rules. The research involved 41 university students with proficiency levels of B2 and C1. The findings reveal that students’ proficiency levels and grammar score grades do not significantly influence their application of subject-verb concord rules. Despite demonstrating a good overall understanding, students frequently struggled with specific categories, such as plural nouns and coordination with or/nor. Additionally, the results indicate a notable preference for American English concord rules over British English. These findings underscore the pedagogical importance of subject-verb concord and highlight the need for targeted instructional strategies to address persistent errors. The study also emphasizes the value of error analysis in identifying interlingual influences and improving language learning materials.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


subject-verb concord, EFL, B2 and C1 level of English proficiency

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alahmadi, N, 2019. A study of grammatical errors of subject-verb agreement in writing made by Saudi learners. International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research Vol. 7, No. 6, pp 48-59. Retrieved from https://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/A-Study-of-Grammatical-Errors-of-Subject-Verb-Agreement-in-Writing-Made-By-Saudi-Learners.pdf

Bauer, L, 1988. Number agreement with collective nouns in New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics, Vol. 8, pp 47–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/07268608808599399

Bock, K., Butterfield, S., Cutler, A., Cutting, J.C., Eberhard, K.M. and Hunphreys, K.R, 2006. Number Agreement in British and American English: Disagreeing to Agree Collectively. Language, Vol. 82, No. 1, pp 64-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0011

Brdarević-Čeljo, A., Bećirović, S. and Bureković, M, 2018. The Use of Imaginative Conditional Clauses by Bosnian University-Level English-Majoring Students, The Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education – JoLIE 11(2), 2018, Alba Iulia, pp 25-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2018.11.2.2

Bureković, M, 2012. Status obilježja negacije u engleskom i bosanskom/hrvatskom/srpskom jeziku, Zbornik radova Islamskog Pedagoškog fakulteta u Zenici 10, pp 381-398. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=205391

Bureković, M, 2023. Negacija u engleskom i bosanskom jeziku: minimalistički pristup. Zenica: Meligrafprint. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372134072_NEGACIJA_U_ENGLESKOM_I_BOSANSKOM_JEZIKU_minimalisticki_pristup

Bureković, M., Perenda, Š., and Rizvić-Eminović, E, 2024. Understanding the Different Meanings of English Phrasal Verbs, SaZnanje: časopis desetog naučno-stručnog skupa Nauka i savremenost, Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Zenici, pp 643-654. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13370099

Bureković, M., Rizvić-Eminović, E., and Pilav, M, 2023. Review of Five Methods Used in English Language Teaching, Zbornik radova Islamskog pedagoškog fakulteta u Zenici 21/2023, pp. 447-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2023.447

Celce-Murcia, M. and Larsen-Freeman, D, 1999. The Grammar Book, Second Edition. Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers. Retrieved from https://flaviamcunha.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/the-grammar-book-an-eslefl-teachers-course-second-editiona4.pdf

Corder, S.P, 1975. Error Analysis, Interlanguage and Second Language Acquisition. Language Teaching, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp 201-218. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-teaching/article/abs/error-analysis-interlanguage-and-second-language-acquisition/5C9DFA83D40DBD644A6567B71FA9AD98

Corder, S.P, 1967. The significance of learner's errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp 161-170. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1515/iral.1967.5.1-4.161

Depraetere, I, 2003. On verbal concord with collective nouns in British English. English Language and Linguistics, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp 85-127. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/english-language-and-linguistics/article/abs/on-verbal-concord-with-collective-nouns-in-british-english/F4B23FA04A85E98C32D9E0F489864C44

Ellis, R, 2015. Understanding Second Language Acquisition: Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Understanding_Second_Language_Acquisitio.html?hl=id&id=dZrICgAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y

Francis, W. N, 1986. Proximity Concord in English. Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp 309–317. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/007542428601900212?icid=int.sj-abstract.similar-articles.1

Ghezzou, N. and Mammeri, S, 2016. Investigating intralingual and interlingual errors of Algerian middle school EFL learners in their written compositions: A case study. The Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics, Vol. 9, pp 58-74. Retrieved from https://www.ubplj.org/index.php/bjll/article/view/1255

Greenbaum, S, 1996. The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-english-grammar-9780198612506?cc=ro〈=en&

Hewings, M, 2023. Advanced Grammar in Use: Fourth Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/gb/cambridgeenglish/catalog/grammar-vocabulary-and-pronunciation/advanced-grammar-use-4th-edition

Huddleston, R. and Pullum, G.K, 2002. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-grammar-of-the-english-language/A78402ABF5176AD283494180BCA2046F

Johansson, S, 1979. American and British English grammar: an elicitation experiment. English Studies, Vol. 60, pp 195–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/00138387908597961

Komaromi, B. and Jerković, J, 2023. Revisiting Error Analysis: Exploring Errors in the Case of English for Specific Purposes. Studies In Teaching and Education, 2023, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp 461-479. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Revisiting-Error-analysis%3A-Exploring-errors-in-the-Komaromi-Jerkovi%C4%87/3a031290e7f7df4a003e3f73522f8dc62ecb4d31

Leko, N, 2015. Analiza grešaka u jezičkoj produkciji ispitanika u eksperimentalnoj studiji slaganja predikata sa koordiniranim subjektom u bosanskom/hrvatskom/srpskom jeziku. Pismo- Časopis za jezik i književnost, Vol. 13, pp 43-55. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=584887

Lock, G, 1996. Functional English grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books?id=P0cTL9kmaEEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

MDear Professor Peyman Nouraey,endez Pandapatan, A, 2020. Analysis of the Subject-Verb Agreement Ability among Indonesian English Major Students as EFL Learners. Journal of English Language Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp 127-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.30870/jels.v5i2.8135

Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. and Svartvik, J, 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. New York: Longman Inc. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/A_Comprehensive_Grammar_of_the_English_L.html?id=CrhZAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y

Richards, J.C, 1971. A Non-Contrastive Approach to Error Analysis. ELT Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp 204–219. Retrieved from https://www.professorjackrichards.com/wp-content/uploads/1971-paper.pdf

Rizvić-Eminović, E., Bujak, A., and Bureković, M, 2018. A Study of Trends in the Level of English Language Grammatical Competence at Zenica University, The Future of Humanities, Education and Creative Industries: Proceedings of the 3rd ICECI Sarajevo 2017, IUS, pp 197-206. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324727507_A_Study_of_Trends_in_the_English_Language_Grammatical_Competence_at_Zenica_University

Rizvić-Eminović, E., Bureković, M., and Bujak, A, 2020. Translation of False Friends among B2 Level English Language Learners, Zbornik radova Islamskog pedagoškog fakulteta u Zenici 18/2020, pp 253-268. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=916616

Rizvić-Eminović, E., Hadžić, A., and Bureković, M, 2023. The Effect of Corpus-Based Activities on the Acquisition of Phrasal Verbs – A Case Study, International Journal of Science Academic Research (IJSAR), 04/12, pp 6749-6757. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13370228

Sholehah, A.J., Listyowati, R., and Hanna, I.D, 2023. An error analysis of subject-verb agreement in narrative writing text made by senior high school students. Journal of English Teaching and Learning, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp 155-176.

Wu, H. and Garza, E.V, 2014. Types and Attributes of English Writing Errors in the EFL Context—A Study of Error Analysis. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp 1256-1262. Retrieved from https://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/jltr/vol05/06/05.pdf

Sources

Greenbaum, S, 1996. The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-english-grammar-9780198612506?cc=ro〈=en&

Hewings, M, 2023. Advanced Grammar in Use: Fourth Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/advanced-grammar-in-use-4th-edition-martin-hewings

Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. and Svartvik, J, 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. New York: Longman Inc. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/415437




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v12i1.5804

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Melisa Bureković, Šejla Perenda, Edina Rizvić-Eminović

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2026. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).