FINANCIAL LITERACY, WORK ENGAGEMENT, AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL ON TEAMWORK AMONG PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS
Abstract
This study examined how financial literacy, work engagement, and professional development influence teamwork among public elementary school teachers in Region XII. Using a quantitative, non-experimental design, the research surveyed 400 teachers selected through stratified sampling using the Raosoft sample size calculator. Statistical analysis employed mean calculations, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling, with data collected using validated survey instruments adapted for this study. Results showed very high levels of teamwork and professional development, along with high levels of financial literacy and work engagement. Meanwhile, all three independent variables significantly correlated with teamwork. Through structural equation modeling, Model 3 emerged as the best fit, revealing key relationships: financial literacy was characterized by financial attitude and training; work engagement by absorption and dedication; and professional development by thematic knowledge and human resource development. Furthermore, teamwork was primarily defined by mutual support and communication. The findings demonstrated that these three factors significantly impact teachers' teamwork effectiveness.
SDG Indicator: #4 (Quality Education)
Article visualizations:
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adams, P. (2006). Exploring social constructivism: Theories and practicalities. Education, 34(3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004270600898893
Ahmad, R., Nawaz, M. R., Ishaq, M. I., Khan, M. M., & Ashraf, H. A. (2023). Social exchange theory: systematic review and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1015921. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921
Andersen, S. C., Beuchert, L., Nielsen, H. S., & Thomsen, M. K. (2020). The effect of teacher’s aides in the classroom: Evidence from a randomized trial. Journal of the European Economic Association, 18(1), 469–27. https://doi.org/https:/doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvy048
Arifin, Z., Nirwanto, N., & Manan, A. (2019). Reducing the negative bullying at work impact on employee performance through absorption and teamwork. 2nd Padang International Conference on Education, Economics, Business and Accounting (PICEEBA-2 2018) (pp. 601-608). Atlantis Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/piceeba2-18.2019.79
Arifin, A., Suryaningsih, S. S., & Arifudin, O. (2024). The relationship between classroom environment, teacher professional development, and student academic performance in secondary education. International Education Trend Issues, 2(2), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.56442/ieti.v2i2.467
Ayyoobi, F., Pourshafei, H., & Asgari, A. (2016). Codification and validation of professional development questionnaire of teachers. International Education Studies, 9(4), 215-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n4p215
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands‐resources model: State of the art. Journal of managerial psychology, 22(3), 309-328. Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/02683940710733115/full/html
Baldoz, N. A., & Guhao Jr, E. S. (2020). Causal Model on Work Engagement of the Agriculture Sector Employees in Davao Region. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9, 475-506. Retrieved from https://buscompress.com/uploads/3/4/9/8/34980536/riber_9-s4_31_h19-114_475-506.pdf
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986(23-28), 2. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1985-98423-000
Bantay, D. N., & Genuba, R. L. (2022). Structural equation model on professional development of public school teachers in relation to their time management, work task motivation and aspect of identity orientation. Multidisciplinary International Journal of Research and Development 1(4). Retrieved from https://www.mijrd.com/papers/v1/i4/MIJRDV1I40007.pdf
Bergmark, U. (2023). Teachers’ professional learning when building a research-based education: context-specific, collaborative and teacher-driven professional development. Professional Development in Education, 49(2), 210-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2020.1827011
Bongcayat, J. T., & Guhao Jr, E. S. (2020). Structural equation model on work engagement of non-teaching personnel in public secondary schools. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9, 259-316. Retrieved from https://buscompress.com/uploads/3/4/9/8/34980536/riber_9-s2_41_h19-059_259-316.pdf
Borchet, J., Lewandowska-Walter, A., Połomski, P., Peplińska, A., & Hooper, L. M. (2020). We are in this together: Retrospective parentification, sibling relationships, and self-esteem. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 2982-2991. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-020-01723-3
Burić, I., & Macuka, I. (2018). Self-efficacy, emotions and work engagement among teachers: A two wave cross-lagged analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(7), 1917-1933. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10902-017-9903-9
Casingal, C., & Ancho, I. (2022). Financial literacy status of public-school teachers: The case of the Philippines. Journal of Management, Economics, and Industrial Organization, 6(1), 63-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/jomeino.2022.6.1.4
Dailey, S. L., Alabere, R. O., Michalski, J. E., & Brown, C. I. (2020). Sports experiences as anticipatory socialization: How does communication in sports help individuals with intellectual disabilities learn about and adapt to work?. Communication Quarterly, 68(5), 499-519. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2020.1821737
Delmo, D., Sarmiento, S., & Bugador, M. (2023). Financial Literacy and Financial Management Practices of Public School Teachers in Barangay Poblacion, Tantangan, South Cotabato (Vol. 7). The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, 7(2), 312-328. Retrieved from https://www.theijbmt.com/archive/0950/1349880449.pdf
Decuypere, A., & Schaufeli, W. (2020). Leadership and work engagement: Exploring explanatory mechanisms. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(1), 69-95. Retrieved from https://www.wilmarschaufeli.nl/publications/Schaufeli/554.pdf
Depaepe, F., Verschaffel, L., & Star, J. (2020). Expertise in developing students’ expertise in mathematics: Bridging teachers’ professional knowledge and instructional quality. ZDM, 52(2), 179-192. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11858-020-01148-8
Elomina, J. B. (2021). Financial Literacy, Management Practices of Public Elementary School Teachers: An Input to Teacher Financial Management Plan. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(10), 4323-4325. Retrieved from https://turcomat.org/index.php/turkbilmat/article/download/5165/4321/9599
Eman, G., Hernández, A. and Romá, V. G. (2023). Charismatic leadership, intra-team communication quality, and team performance: The role of average leadership perceptions and their homogeneity. European Management Journal [Preprint], (April). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2023.04.011
Ferrando, C., & Guhao, E. (2024). Ethical climate, charismatic leadership of school heads and teachers’ sense of self-efficacy: A structural equation model on teacher engagement. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 20(2), 171-187. Retrieved from https://scimatic.org/show_manuscript/2953
Fisher, K. (2021). The need for increased financial literacy in today's high schools: Principals' perspectives [Doctoral dissertation, Robert Morris University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/openview/ea7ad7ebc465b0a18af88c17d81352dd/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
García-Buades, M. E., Peiró, J. M., Montañez-Juan, M. I., Kozusznik, M. W., & Ortiz-Bonnín, S. (2020). Happy-productive teams and work units: A systematic review of the ‘happy-productive worker thesis’. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(1), 69. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010069
Gera, Navneet, Sharma, R. K., & Saini, P. (2019). Absorption, vigor and dedication: determinants of employee engagement in B-schools. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 18(1), 61-70. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Navneet-Gera/publication/341932749_ABSORPTION_VIGOR_AND_DEDICATION_DETERMINANTS_OF_EMPLOYEE_ENGAGEMENT_IN_B-SCHOOLS/links/5eda3430299bf1c67d41bf94/ABSORPTION-VIGOR-AND-DEDICATION-DETERMINANTS-OF-EMPLOYEE-ENGAGEMENT-IN-B-SCHOOLS.pdf
Guhao Jr, E. S. (2023). Prediction models on work engagement among public school teachers: a hierarchical regression analysis. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 12(4), 17-30. Retrieved from https://buscompress.com/uploads/3/4/9/8/34980536/riber_12-4_02_m22-607_17-30.pdf
Guhao Jr, E. S., & Quines, L. A. (2021). The mediating effect of authentic leadership of school heads on the relationship between teamwork attitudes and work engagement. International Journal of Business Management and Economic Review, 4(06). http://doi.org/10.35409/IJBMER.2021.3342
Guhao Jr, E. S., & Sioting Jr, R. N. (2023). Organizational trust, teachers' self-efficacy and school culture: A structural equation model on professional learning communities among public elementary schools in Region xi. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i6.4855
Gülbahar, B., Sezen-Gültekin, G., & Gün, M. (2022). Examining the relationships among teachers’ work engagement, teamwork attitudes, and efficacy for classroom diversity. İnsan ve Toplum, 12(4), 155-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.12658/M0670
He, P., Guo, F., & Abazie, G. A. (2024). School principals’ instructional leadership as a predictor of teacher’s professional development. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9(1), 63. Retrieved from https://sfleducation.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40862-024-00290-0
Ho, C. S. M., & Lee, D. H. L. (2023). Financial literacy: The impact of the foreign-language effect on risk-taking values, financial attitudes, and behavior of Hong Kong secondary students. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 32(4), 485-496. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40299-022-00670-5
Holmström, A., Tuominen, H., Laasanen, M., & Veermans, M. (2023). Teachers’ work engagement and burnout profiles: Associations with sense of efficacy and interprofessional collaboration in school. Teaching and Teacher Education, 132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104251.
Homans, G. C. (1950). The human group. Harcourt Brace. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1951-03002-000
Hourani, N. (2019). The impact of human resources development mechanisms on building teamwork. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 13(4). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/V13IS04/ART-11
Hunt, A. Y. (2020). Development and evaluation of a study measuring financial knowledge, behaviors, skills, attitudes, and desires of economically disadvantaged first-generation college students [Doctoral dissertation, Wilmington University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/22d5bf392f41dbb292e08d6de66b13f8/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=44156
Johari, A., Abdul Wahat, N. W., & Zaremohzzabieh, Z. (2021). Innovative work behavior among teachers in Malaysia: The effects of teamwork, principal support, and humor. Asian Journal of University Education (AJUE), 7(2), 72-84. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1304344.pdf
Jones, J., & Smith, H. A. (2022). A comparative study of formal coaching and mentoring programmes in higher education. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, 11(2), 213-231. Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ijmce-03-2021-0054/full/html
Jones, W. M., Cohen, J. D., Schad, M., Caratachea, M., & Smith, S. (2020). Maker-centered teacher professional development: Examining K-12 teachers’ learning experiences in a commercial makerspace. TechTrends, 64, 37-49. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00425-y
Kaae, S. (2021). Implementing Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (Teamstepps®) as a Virtual Educational Intervention for Entry-Level Master’s Nursing Students to Improve Knowledge and Perception toward Teamwork Skills and Recognize the Presence of Quality Team Skills (Doctoral dissertation, Azusa Pacific University).
Kaunickienė, N., & Bubnys, R. (2021). Analysis of experiences of collegial cooperation promoting teachers' personal professional development. In ICERI2021 Proceedings (pp. 3613-3620). IATED. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.0869
Khadija, H., Bibu, N., Sala, D., & Dorin, M. (2024). The Schools Principal's Leadership Style Influence on Teamwork Skills of Teachers in Arab Schools in Israel. Revista de Management Comparat International, 25(4), 638-651. Retrieved from https://rmci.ase.ro/no25vol4/03.pdf
Khanifar, H., Sahranavard Nashtifani, Y., & Ebrahimi, S. (2021). Identifying the factors affecting the professional development of teachers in teacher education centers (Farhangian University). Research in Teacher Education (RTE), 4(4), 9-40. Retrieved from https://te-research.cfu.ac.ir/article_1840.html?lang=en
Khawar, S., & Sarwar, A. (2021). Financial literacy and financial behavior with the mediating effect of family financial socialization in the financial institutions of Lahore, Pakistan. Future Business Journal, 7, 1-11. Retrieved from https://fbj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43093-021-00064-x
Khoshnodifar, Z., Abbasi, E., Farhadian, H., Sadighi, H., Pouratashi, M., & Alambaigi, A. (2020). Teamwork behavior in relation to teacher, student, curriculum, and learning environment in Iranian agricultural higher education system. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 22(6), 1431-1447. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344784262_Teamwork_Behavior_in_Relation_to_Teacher_Student_Curriculum_and_Learning_Environment_in_Iranian_Agricultural_Higher_Education_System
Lancian, J. I., Arak, P. M., & Susada, J. D. (2024). Financial literacy of teachers: A quantitative study. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 10(5), 133-172. Retrieved from https://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Financial_Literacy_of_Teachers__A_Quantitative_Study_ijariie24838.pdf
Lestari, S. D., Muhdaliha, E., Firdaus, P. M., Suhendra, E. S., & Brabo, N. A. (2024). Financial literacy at work: enhancing organizational performance through employee training investments. Atestasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 7(2), 721-741. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.57178/atestasi.v7i2.865
Martinez, L. V., & Andal, E. Z. (2022). Relations of financial literacy and decision-making skills to teacher’s financial well-being and professional qualities. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Entrepreneurship, 1(1). Retrieved from https://iiari.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ijafe.v3.1.203.pdf.
Miller, A. L., Fassett, K. T., & Palmer, D. L. (2021). Achievement goal orientation: A predictor of student engagement in higher education. Motivation and Emotion, 45, 327-344. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s11031-021-09881-7
Nalasa-Costuna, J. U., & Tantiado, R. C. (2023). Teachers’ financial literacy and capability. Teachers’ Financial Literacy and Capability, 125(1). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.47119/IJRP1001251520234904
Navajas-Romero, V., Ceular-Villamandos, N., Pérez-Priego, M. A., & Caridad-López del Río, L. (2022). Sustainable human resource management the mediating role between work engagement and teamwork performance. Plos one, 17(8), e0271134. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271134
Nguyen, V. N., Truong, M. T., & Tran, M. T. (2024). Enhancing team performance unveiling novel insights into teamwork dynamics. Kurdish Studies, 12(1), 3280-3302. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.58262/ks.v12i1.235
Oh, J., Lee, H., & Zo, H. (2021). The effect of leadership and teamwork on ISD project success. Journal of Computer Information Systems. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2019.1566804
Park, H. R., & Park, E. (2022). Team-based learning experiences of nursing students in a health assessment subject: a qualitative study. In Healthcare (Vol. 10, No. 5, p. 817). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050817
Phulpoto, N. H., Xi, W., Memon, S., & Phulpoto, S. (2023). Teamwork and its impact on employee performance mediated by job satisfaction: a comprehensive study of services sector of Pakistan. Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS, 14(3), 21-31. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377442723_TEAMWORK_AND_ITS_IMPACT_ON_EMPLOYEE_PERFORMANCE_MEDIATED_BY_JOB_SATISFACTION_-A_COMPREHENSIVE_STUDY_OF_SERVICES_SECTOR_OF_PAKISTAN
Puisa, R., Montewka, J., & Krata, P. (2023). A framework estimating the minimum sample size and margin of error for maritime quantitative risk analysis. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2023.109221.
Quines, L. A., & Albutra, D. A. (2023). The mediating effect of normative commitment on the relationship between instructional coaching skills and teamwork of teachers. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i3.4713
Quines, L. A., & Monteza, M. T. (2023). The mediating effect of teacher collegiality on the relationship between instructional leadership and professional development of teachers. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i3.4716
Quines, L. A., & Nino, A. V. (2023). The mediating effect of teamwork on the relationship between work attitude and job satisfaction of teachers. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(5). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i5.4779
Quines, L. A., & Piñero, M. Y. (2022). The mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between team work skills and work values of teachers. European Journal of Education Studies, 9(11). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v9i11.4520
Quines, L. A., & Tubo, F. E. A. (2023). The mediating effect of work ethics on the relationship between transformative learning and professional development of teachers. European Journal of Education Studies, 10(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i3.4706
Rai, K., Dua, S., & Yadav, M. (2019). Association of financial attitude, financial behaviour and financial knowledge towards financial literacy: A structural equation modeling approach. FIIB Business Review, 8(1), 51-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319714519826651
Samuel, E. H., & Matthew, O. T. (2021). Examining Team Communication and Mutual Support as Drivers of Work Performance among Team Members. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 13(4), 45-54. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ARJASS/2021/v13i430223
Sario, M. B., & Villocino, R. P. (2023). Teamwork and teachers’ engagement: A mediating roles of work condition and professional development in public schools. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8(5). Retrieved from https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT23MAY1534.pdf
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701-716. Retrieved from https://www.wilmarschaufeli.nl/publications/Schaufeli/251.pdf
Smith, R., Ralston, N. C., Naegele, Z., & Waggoner, J. (2020). Team teaching and learning: A model of effective professional development for teachers. Professional Educator, 43(1), 80-90. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1276114
Son, J., & Park, J. (2019). Effects of financial education on sound personal finance in Korea: Conceptualization of mediation effects of financial literacy across income classes. International journal of consumer studies, 43(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12486
Tao, W., Lee, Y., Sun, R., Li, J. Y., & He, M. (2022). Enhancing employee engagement via leaders’ motivational language in times of crisis: Perspectives from the Covid-19 outbreak. Public relations review, 48(1), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102133.
Tilan, A. S., Cabal, E. M., & Landa, R. M. (2021). Financial literacy of Filipino public school teachers and employees: Basis for intervention program. Magsaysay State University. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR211022071618
Tondeur, J., Scherer, R., Baran, E., Siddiq, F., Valtonen, T., & Sointu, E. (2019). Teacher educators as gatekeepers: Preparing the next generation of teachers for technology integration in education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(3), 1189-1209. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12748
Tuttle, M., Harrison, J., Johnson, L. V., & Mecadon-Mann, M. (2021). What's in a word?: School counselor and ESOL teacher perceptions and attitudes about collaboration. Journal of School Counseling, 19(22). Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1325585
Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1964-35027-000
Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2019). Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus. John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119422730
Wild, M., Mayeaux, A., & Edmonds, K. (2023). Teamwork: Setting the standard for collaborative teaching, grades 5-9. Routledge. Retrieved from Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032682761
Williams, D.J., Williams, R.F., & Gold, M. (2022). Financial literacy in teacher education: A key component for the preparation of teacher candidates. Teachers and Teaching, 28(2), 258-274.
Woodland, R. H., & Mazur, R. (2019). Of teams and ties: Examining the relationship between formal and informal instructional support networks. Educational administration quarterly, 55(1), 42-72. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326134240_Of_Teams_and_Ties_Examining_the_Relationship_Between_Formal_and_Informal_Instructional_Support_Networks
Zincirkiran, M., Emhan, A., & Yasar, M. F. (2015). Analysis of teamwork, organizational commitment and organizational performance: A study of health sector in Turkey. Asian Journal of Business and Management, 3(2). Retrieved from https://www.ajouronline.com/index.php/AJBM/article/view/2267/1302
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v12i2.5846
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dolly Joy F. Lingcob, Lyndon A. Quines

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2015-2026. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).