TRANSFORMING NON-READERS INTO INDEPENDENT READERS: BEST PRACTICES OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

John Harry S. Caballo

Abstract


This study employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore the best practices of elementary teachers in transforming non-readers into independent readers. Seven elementary teachers from different public institutions in Davao City, Philippines, shared their best practices through in-depth interviews. The results revealed three superordinate themes: Upon reflecting on their practices, the teachers acknowledged the vital role of parent-teacher collaboration; the teachers highlighted the importance of devoting time to reading through reading sessions and remediation; and the teachers emphasized the significance of boosting students' motivation through positive feedback and encouragement. This study underscored the pivotal role of parents and the need for their active involvement in supporting non-readers. It emphasized the significance of early identification and timely interventions tailored to the specific needs of non-readers, such as individualized instruction, small-group activities, or specialized reading programs. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of creating an engaging and motivating reading environment through positive and supportive activities to foster a love for reading among non-readers. The insights gained from this study contribute to the broader discourse on effective literacy practices in elementary education.

Keywords


non-readers, independent readers, IPA, reading teachers, Philippines

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adapon, M. T., & Mangila, B. B. (2020). Helping Struggling Readers to Read: The Impact of the Care for the Non-Readers (CNR) Program on Filipino Pupils’ Reading Proficiency. ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal), 6(2), 195. https://doi.org/10.24252/eternal.v62.2020.a2

Ahmad, Z., Tariq, M., Chaudhry, M. S., & Ramzan, M. (2020). Parent’s Role in Promoting Reading Habits among Children: An Empirical Examination. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7326&context=libphilprac

Ahmadi, M. R. (2017). The Effect of Learners’ Motivation on Their Reading Comprehension Skill: A Literature Review. International Journal of Research in English Education, 2(3), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.ijree.2.3.10

Albano, E., Jr. (2019, November 13). DepEd-Cordillera bares non-reader numbers. The Manila Times. https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/11/14/campus-press/deped-cordillera-bares-non-reader-numbers/655719/

Cadiz-Gabejan, A. M., & Quirino, M. C. (2021). Students’ Reading Proficiency and Academic Performance. International Journal of English Language Studies, 3(6), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2021.3.6.4

Clinton, J. & Hattie, J. (2013). New Zealand students' perceptions of parental involvement in learning and schooling. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 33(3): 324-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2013.786679

Cooper, H., Lindsay, J. J., & Nye, B. (2000). Homework in the home: How student, family, and parenting-style differences relate to the homework process. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(4), 464–487. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1036

Davis, Y., Florelie, M., Datulayta, Dacalos, J., Cordova, B., Clerigo, K., & Inocian, R. (2016). Effective Teaching Practices in Handling Non-Readers. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4, 50-61. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305409778_Effective_Teaching_Practices_in_Handling_Non_Readers

Dorado, R. L., & Medina, B. O. (2022). Effectiveness of Hamon: Bawat Bata Bumabasa (3Bs Initiative) in Improving Reading Proficiency of Students. International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 6, 40–47. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358803137_Effectiveness_of_Hamon_Bawat_Bata_Bumabasa_3Bs_Initiative_in_Improving_Reading_Proficiency_of_Students

Eatough, V., & Smith, J. (2017). Interpretive phenomenological analysis. In Handbook of Qualitative Psychology. http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/16386/

Emefa, A. J., Miima, F. A., & Bwire, A. M. (2020). Education Impact of Motivation on Junior High School Students’ Interest in Reading Comprehension in Hohoe Municipality: A Literature-Based Review. African Journal of Emerging Issues (AJOEI), 2(8), 1–16. https://ajoeijournals.org/sys/index.php/ajoei/article/view/120

Estrada, J. C. A. (2016). The Level of English Oral Reading Fluency among Abot – Alam Secondary Learners. World Journal of English Language, 6(3), 9–23. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v6n3p9

Fisher, C. B., & Lerner, R. M. (2014). Parental Involvement in Education. Encyclopedia of Applied Developmental Science. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412950565.n302

Geske, A., & Ozola, A. (2009). Different influence of contextual educational factors on boys' and girls' reading achievement. Online Submission, 6(4), 38-44. Retrieved from https://www.iea.nl/sites/default/files/2019-04/IRC2008_Geske_Ozola.pdf

Jukes, M. C., Turner, E. L., Dubeck, M. M., Halliday, K. E., Inyega, H. N., Wolf, S. & Brooker, S. J. (2017). Improving literacy instruction in Kenya through teacher professional development and text messages support: A cluster randomized trial. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 10(3), 449-481. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2016.1221487

Le Cordeur, M. (2011). The struggling reader: Identifying and addressing reading problems successfully at an early stage. Per Linguam, 26(2), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.5785/26-2-23

Libre III, S. J., & Decano, R. S. (2021). Experiences and Challenges of Struggling Readers in the Framework of Modular Distance Learning. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 05(10), 705-712. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2021.51032

Marasigan, N. V. & De Las Alas, M. R. (2019). Investigating parent’s involvement in pupil’s reading achievement. International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 3 (6), 132-136. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363436538_Investigating_Parent's_Involvement_on_Pupil's_Reading_Achievement

Miles, K., McFadden, K., Colenbrander, D., & Ehri, L. (2022). Maximizing access to reading intervention: comparing small group and one-to-one protocols of Reading Rescue. Journal of Research in Reading. 45. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12383.

Nurdianingsih, F. (2021). Teachers’ Strategies in Teaching Reading Comprehension. PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education), 4(2), 285. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v4i2.p285-289

OECD. (2021). 21st-Century Readers: Developing Literacy Skills in a Digital World. In PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/a83d84cb-en

OECD. (2022). Country profile: Philippines. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 51–86.

Rupley, W. H., Blair, T. R., & Nichols, W. D. (2009). Effective reading instruction for struggling readers: The role of direct/ explicit teaching. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 25(2–3), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573560802683523

PHREB-Philippine Health Research Ethics Board. (2017). National ethical guidelines for Health and health-related research 2017. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B8DuJjFUzOmiVERfLWhNZ0Y2RFE

Winda, R., Atmazaki, E. (2018). Development of Context-Based Reading Materials. doi: 10.2991/ICLLE-18.2018.34 Retrieved from https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iclle-18/55907975

Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2015). Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain. British Journal of Pain, 9(1), 41–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049463714541642

Smith, J., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method, and Research. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221670349_Interpretative_Phenomenological_Analysis_Theory_Method_and_Research

Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics (2021). Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics 2019 National Report of the Philippines. https://www.unicef.org/philippines/reports/sea-plm-metrics-2019-national-report-philippines

Tinapay, A., Seno, R., Fernandez, D. L., Sami llano, J., & L. Tirol, S. (2021). Exploring Student Reading Comprehension and Parental Intervention: A Literature Review. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(4), 189-199. https://doi.org/10.54476/iimrj220

Tomas, M., Villaros, E. and Galman, S. (2021). The Perceived Challenges in Reading of Learners: Basis for School Reading Programs. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 107-122. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.95009

University of Virginia. (2021). Examining the Impact of COVID-19 on the Identification of At-Risk Students: Fall 2021 Literacy Screening Findings. https://literacy.virginia.edu/sites/g/files/jsddwu1006/files/2022-04/PALS_StateReport_Fall_2021.pdf

Usca, S., Rozenfelde, M., Ogriņa, R., & Vindeče, A. (2016). the Participation of Parents in the Development of Pupils’ Reading Skills and Interests. Society. Integration. Education. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 2(May), 354. https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol2.1402

Vasylenko, V. O. (2017). The parents’ role in helping children to develop reading skills. EETP, 12(46), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.14632/eetp.2017.12.46.71

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674339418

Yansyah, Y. (2018). Best Practices in Teaching Reading: Success Stories from Experienced Teachers.

Young, C. (2019). Increased frequency and planning: A more effective approach to guided reading in Grade 2. Journal of Educational Research, 112(1), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2018.1451814




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v12i7.6098

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 John Harry S. Caballo

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2026. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).