ASSESSING COMPETENCES IN ENGLISH STATE EXAMINATIONS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL EXAM QUESTIONNAIRES / L’ÉVALUATION DES COMPÉTENCES EN ANGLAIS AUX EXAMENS D’ÉTAT EN RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO : ANALYSE DE CONTENU DES QUESTIONNAIRES NATIONAUX

Barthelemy Muzaliwa Balume

Abstract


This study examines the extent to which English State Examinations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) assess learners’ competences in accordance with the principles of competency-based education (CBE) and competency-based language teaching (CBLT). Although the national curriculum emphasizes communicative competence, practical language use, and progressive skill development, persistent gaps remain between instructional objectives and learners’ actual proficiency levels. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the study analyzes the 2024 English examination papers from the Pedagogy and Technical Social sections. The analysis focuses on the nature of tasks, the type of skills assessed, the authenticity of content, and the overall alignment with competency-based principles. The findings reveal that while examination papers incorporate contextualized reading materials and professional themes, the assessment format remains predominantly multiple-choice and recognition-based. The exams largely measure discrete linguistic knowledge such as grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and phonetics, rather than integrated communicative performance. As a result, the behavioural and performance dimensions of competence are insufficiently evaluated. The study concludes that the English State Examinations in the DRC reflect a transitional model that partially aligns with competency-based principles but remains largely knowledge-oriented. It recommends the gradual integration of performance-based assessment tasks, including productive and authentic communicative activities, to enhance coherence between curriculum objectives and national evaluation practices. 

 

La présente étude examine dans quelle mesure les examens d’État d’anglais en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) évaluent réellement les compétences des apprenants conformément aux principes de l’approche par compétences (APC) et de l’enseignement des langues fondé sur les compétences. Bien que le programme national mette l’accent sur la compétence communicative, l’usage pratique de la langue et le développement progressif des habiletés, un écart persiste entre les objectifs pédagogiques et le niveau effectif de maîtrise linguistique des apprenants. À travers une analyse qualitative de contenu, cette recherche analyse les questionnaires de l’Examen d’État 2024 dans les sections Pédagogie Generale et Technique Sociale. L’analyse porte sur la nature des tâches proposées, les compétences évaluées, l’authenticité des contenus ainsi que le degré d’alignement avec les principes de l’approche par compétences. Les résultats montrent que, malgré la présence de textes contextualisés et de thématiques professionnelles, le format d’évaluation demeure essentiellement basé sur des questions à choix multiples axées sur la reconnaissance des connaissances. Les examens évaluent principalement des savoirs linguistiques fragmentés (grammaire, vocabulaire, compréhension écrite, phonétique) plutôt que la capacité des apprenants à mobiliser ces ressources dans des situations communicatives authentiques. L’étude conclut que les examens d’État d’anglais en RDC s’inscrivent dans un modèle transitionnel, partiellement aligné sur l’approche par compétences, mais encore largement centré sur les connaissances. Elle recommande l’intégration progressive d’épreuves de production et de tâches communicatives authentiques afin de renforcer la cohérence entre le curriculum et les pratiques nationales d’évaluation. 

 

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Keywords


competency-based education, competency-based language teaching, and english state examination / approche par compétences, enseignement des langues fondé sur les compétences, examens d’état, et évaluation des apprentissages

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v13i3.6562

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