SELF-LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS AS PREDICTOR OF TEACHERS’ TAKING INITIATIVE
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate whether teachers’ self-leadership behaviors can predict whether they will take initiative behaviors. This research was designed with the relational survey method. Research sample consists of 585 elementary school teachers working in 32 different schools in Istanbul, Turkey. Additionally, the sample was determined with simple random sampling. The data of the research was collected with the Self- Leadership Scale and Taking Initiative Scale for Educational Organizations. The relationship between teachers’ taking initiative behaviors and self-leadership behaviors was tested with Pearson Correlation analysis. Afterwards, multilinear regression analysis was utilized to analyze whether teachers’ self-leadership behaviors predict taking initiative behaviors. According to the research results, it was revealed that teachers use the strategy of focusing the idea on the natural rewards the most, and the strategy of self-punishment the least among self-leadership strategies. Moreover, it was found that teachers enact proactive action the most and self-starting the least among taking initiative behaviors. It emerged that there is a positive and significant relationship between teachers’ taking initiate behaviors and self-leadership behaviors, except for the sub-dimension of self-punishment. It was found that the sub-dimensions of self-leadership significantly predict the sub-dimensions of taking initiative. These results were discussed in the theoretical frameworks of action and self-influence theories. At the end of the research, these suggestions can be offered that in-service trainings on leadership development should be applied in order to foster taking initiatives. Further researchers can analyze the relationship between taking initiative and self-leadership behaviors with qualitative analyze.
Article visualizations:
Keywords
References
Arlı Ö, 2011. Antecedent and consequences of self-leadership: A study on primary school teachers. Master Thesis. Military Academy İnstitute for Defence Sciences.
Alves J C et al., 2006. A Cross-Cultural Perspective of Self-Leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology 21(4), pp 338-359.
Anderson J S, Prussia G E, 1997. The Self-Leadership Questionnaire: Preliminary Assessment of Construct Validity. The Journal of Leadership Studies 4 (2), pp 119-143.
Balcı A. 2015. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma: Yöntem, Teknik ve İlkeler, 11. bs. Ankara: Pegem Yayınvılık.
Balyer, Aydın. 2016. Okul Yılları ve Okul Dışındaki Sosyal İlişkilerin Kadın Liderlerin Liderlik Gelişimindeki Rolü. Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. c. 6. s. 1: 77-127, doi: 10.23863
Bass B M, 1990. Bass and Stogdill’ Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of The Theory and Research. New York: Free Press.
Bass, Bernard M., Ronald E. Riggo. 2006. Transformational Leadership. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Barry D, 1991. Managing the Bossless Team: Lessons in Distributed Leadership. Organizational Dynamic, 20(1), pp 31-47.
Burns, James MacGregor. 1978. Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
Büyüköztürk Ş, 2010. Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. 11. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Crant J, 2000. Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435–462.
D’Intino R. S, Goldsby M. G, Houghton J D, Christopher P N, 2007. Self-Leadership: A Process for Entrepreneuiral Success. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies 13(4), pp 105-120.
Demiröz S, 2014. The relationship between the teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, organizational image perceptions and the student's success. Doctoral Thesis Hacettepe University.
DePree M, 1989. Leadership as an Art. New York: Dell Trade Paperback. https://books.google.com/books?id=Hmd9_VKbAQ8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=tr#v=onepage&q&f=false [20.06.2017]
Doğan S, Şahin F, 2008. A Study of Reliability, Validity and Adaptation of Self Leadership Questionnaire in a Turkish Context. Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 26(1), pp 139-164.
Dolbier C L, Soderstrom M, Steinhardt M A, 2001. The relationship between selfleadership and enhanced psychological, health, and work outcomes. The Journal of Psychology, 135(5), pp 469-485.
Elloy D F, 2008. The relationship between self-leadership behaviors and organization variables in a self-managed work team environment. Management Research News, 31(11).
Ergin B, 2014. In terms of quality and efficiency the effect of self-leadership on competencies of academics and organizational learning capacities of universities at higher education system in Turkey. Doctoral Thesis. Marmara University.
Eroğlu A, 2010. Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Tekniklerin Varsayımları. SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri (Ed. Ş. Kalaycı). Beşinci Baskı. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
Frese M, Kring W, Soose A, Zempel J, 1996. Personal initiative at work: Differences between East and West Germany. Academy of Management Journal, 39(1), pp 37–63.
Frese M, Fay D, 2001. Personal initiative: An active performance concept for work in the 21st century. In B. M. Staw & R. L. Sutton (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, Stamford, CT: JAI Press, pp 133–187
Frese M, Fay D, 2002. Personal initiative: An active performance concept for work in the 21st century. Research in Organizational Behavior, 23, pp 133-487.
Garipağaoğlu, B Ç, Güloğlu B, 2015. The Role of Learned Resourcefulness and Locus Of Control On The Self-Leadershıp Skılls Of Teacher Candıdates. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Educatıon 15(2), pp 147-162.
George B, 2007. True North. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
Göksoy S, Emen E, Yenipınar Ş, 2014. Investigation of The Relationship Between Teachers’ Self Leadership Roles and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. / KSU Journal of Social Science, 11 (1), pp 103-116
Godwin J L, Neck C P, Houghton, J D, 1999. The impact of thought self-leadership on individual goal performance: A cognitive perspective. The Journal of Management Development, 18(2), pp 153-169.
Greenleaf R K, 1977. Servant Leadership A journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power & Greatness. New Jersey: Paulist Press.
Gündüz H B, 2008. An Evaluation on Belbin’s Team Roles Theory. (The Case of Sakarya Anatol a Profess on High School, Profess on High School and Vocational High School for Industry). World Applied Sciences Journal. c. 4. s. 3: 460-469.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/257c/cf2792800d3224f6f96e815a77b28f4a9e60.pdf [21.07.2017].
Gündüz H. B, Çakmak E, Korumaz M, 2015. Taking initiative in educational organizations: A scale development study International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(2), pp 327-342.
Güner H, 2011. Determination of Level of Initatives That Elementary Schools Teachers Take in Instructional Process (Elazığ-Muş-Şırnak). Mater Thesis. Fırat University
Harris A, 2009. Creative Leadership: Developing Future Leaders. Management in Education. c. 23. s. 1: 9-11.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0892020608099076?journalCode=miea [21.06.2017].
Houghton J D, Cristopher P N, 2002. The Revised Self Leadership Questionnaire: Testing a Hierarchical Factor Structure for Self-Leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology 17(8) pp 672-692.
Houghton J D, Christopher P N, Charles C M, 2003. We Think We Can, We Think We Can, We Think We Can: The Impact of Thinking Patterns and Work Team Sustainability. The Performance Management: An International Journal 9(1/2) pp 31-41.
Houghton, J D, Darryl L J, 2007. Constructive Thought Strategies and Job Satisfaction: A Preliminary Examination. Journal of Business and Psychology 22, pp 45-53.
Jarson C M, King J E, 2005. Leaving leadership: Solving leadership problems through empowerment. Management Decision, 43, pp 1049-1053.
Ilgen D R, Pulakos E D, 1999. The changing nature of performance: Implications for staffing, motivation, and development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Karasar N, 2015.Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 28. bs. Ankara: Nobel Akademi Yayıncılık.
Kazan A L, 1999. Exploring concept of self-leadership: factor impacting selfleadership of Ohio Americorps Members. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University.
Kouzes J M, Posner B Z, 2014. Turning Adversity into Opportunity. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Kurman J, 2001. Self-regulation strategies in achievement setting: culture and gender differences. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(4), pp 491-503.
Locke E A, Latham G P, 2006. New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory. Current Directions in Psychological Science 15(5), pp 265-268.
Lovelace K J, Manz C C, Jose C A, 2007. Work stress and leadership development: the role of self-leadership, shared leadership, physical fitness and flow in managing demands and ıncreasing job control. Human Resource Management Review, 17, pp 374-387.
Manz C C, Henry P S, 1980. Self-Management as a Substitute, A social Learning Theory Perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology 5(3), pp 361-367
Manz, Charles C. (1992). Mastering Self-Leadership: Empowering Yourself for Personal Excellence. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Manz C C, 1986. Self-Leadership: Toward an Expanded Theory of Self- Influence Processes in Organizations. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), pp 585-600.
McCutcheon R, Lindsey T, 2006. It Doesn't Take a Genius. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Morrison E W, Phelps C C, 1999. Taking charge at work: Extra-role efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 42(4), pp 403–419.
Neck C P, Manz C C, 1996. Thought self-leadership: the impact of mental strategies training on employee cognition, behavior, and affect. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17, pp 445-467.
Neck C P, Jeffery D H, 2006. Two Decades of Self-Leadership Theory and Search: Past Developments, Present Trends, and Future Possibilities. Journal of Managerial Psychology 21(4), pp 270-295
Parker S K, Williams H M, Turner N, 2006. Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3) pp 636–652.
Pearce C L, Charles C M, Henry P S, 2008. The Roles of Vertical and Shared Leadership in the Enactment of Executive Corruption: Implications for Research and Practice. The Leadership Quarterly 19, pp 353-359.
Pondy L R, 1989. Leadership Is a Language Game. London: University of Chicago Press. Readings in Managerial Psychology. ed. Harold J. Leavitt, Louis R. Pondy, David M. Boje
Prussia G E, Anderson J S, Manz C C, 1998. Self-leadership and performance outcomes: The mediating influence of self-efficacy. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, pp 523-538.
Staw B M, Boettger R D, 1990. Task revision: A neglected form of work performance. Academy of Management Journal, 33(3), pp 534-559.
Tabak A, Sığrı Ü, Türköz T, 2013. Öz Liderlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması çalışması. Bilig, 67, pp 213-244.
Uğurluoğlu Ö, 2010. Kendi kendine liderlik stratejileri üzerine bir araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), pp 175-192.
Williams S, 1997. Personality and Self-Leadership. Human Resource Management Review, 7(2), pp 139-155.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.1247
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Sinem Konuk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
