THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELFIE ATTITUDE SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY / ÖZÇEKİM TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Ersun Çıplak, Sabahattin Çam

Abstract


The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool aimed at measuring high school students' attitudes toward selfie. Within the scope of the study, a 52-item Selfie Attitude Scale (SAS) trial form was created by receiving the expert opinion that reflected thoughts, emotions, and behaviors regarding measuring the selfie attitude. In the validity and reliability studies, data were collected from four different study groups, which included a total of 697 high school students. Data collection was performed between March 2018 - December 2018. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale was decided to have two factors. These two factors, which consist of a total of 28 items, explain 46.09% of the total variance. The Positive Experiences on Selfie (PES) subscale explains 25.00% of the total variance, while the Negative Experiences on Prevention (NEP) subscale explains 21.09% of the total variance. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit indices of the measurement tool were good. In the criterion-related validity study, low- and medium-level negative relationships were found between the Selfie Attitude Scale subscale and total scores and the Problematic Internet Use Scale-Adolescent Form (PIUS-A) subscale and total scores, as expected. In the other criterion-related validity study, it was observed that those who took selfies more than the sum of the scale and subscales had significantly higher scores than those who took fewer selfies. The internal consistency coefficient of the measurement tool was calculated to be .94 for the total score, .91 for PES, and .93 for NEP. The test-retest correlation values calculated as a result of the application of the measurement tool every four weeks are .78, .76, and .72, respectively. These results revealed that the Selfie Attitude Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to measure the selfie attitudes of high school students.

Bu çalışmanın amacı lise öğrencilerinin özçekime yönelik tutumlarını ölçmeyi amaçlayan geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Çalışma kapsamında selfi tutumunu ölçmeye yönelik düşünce, duygu ve davranışları yansıtan uzman görüşü de alınarak 52 maddelik Özçekim Tutum Ölçeği (ÖTÖ) deneme formu oluşturulmuştur. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarında toplamda 697 lise öğrencisinin yer aldığı dört farklı çalışma grubundan veri toplanmıştır. Veri toplama işlemi Mart 2018 – Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin iki faktörlü olmasına karar verilmiştir. Toplam 28 maddeden oluşan bu iki faktör toplam varyansın %46.09’unu açıklamaktadır. Özçekime Yönelik Olumlu Yaşantılar (ÖYOY) alt ölçeği toplam varyansın %25.00’ini; Engellenmeye Yönelik Olumsuz Yaşantılar (EYOY) alt ölçeği ise %21.09’unu açıklamaktadır. Doğrulaycı faktör analizi sonuçları ölçme aracının uyum indekslerinin iyi düzeyde olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik çalışmasında Özçekim Tutum Ölçeği alt ölçek ve toplam puanları ile Problemli İnternet Kullanım Ölçeği-Ergen Formu (PİKÖ-E) alt ölçek ve toplam puanları arasında beklendiği gibi düşük ve orta düzeyde negatif ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Diğer ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik çalışmasında, ölçeğin toplamından ve alt ölçeklerden çok selfi yapanların az selfi yapanlardan anlamlı olarak daha yüksek puanlar elde ettikleri görülmüştür. Ölçme aracının iç tutarlık katsayısı toplam puan için .94, ÖYOY için .91 ve EYOY için .93 olarark hesaplanmıştır. Ölçme aracının dört hafta arayla uygulanması sonucunda hesaplanan test-tekrar test korelasyonu değerleri ise sırasıyla .78, .76 ve .72'dir. Bu sonuçlar Özçekim Tutum Ölçeği’nin lise öğrencilerinin özçekim tutumlarını ölçmek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

DOI

Keywords


selfie, selfie attitude scale, validity, reliability / özçekim, özçekim tutum ölçeği, geçerlik, güvenirlik

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alblooshi A. (2015). Self-esteem levels and selfies: The relationships between self-esteem levels and the number of selfies people take and post, and the uses and gratifications of taking and posting selfies. Master thesis, Middle Tennessee State University.

Al-Menayes J. (2015). Psychometric Properties and Validation of the Arabic Social Media Addiction Scale. Journal of Addiction. doi: 10.1155/2015/291743

APA, n.d. Selfitis. https://www.psychiatry.org/home/search-results?g=fefceb94-27f9-47d2-85f8-9854cb9c28a3&Page=1. Accessed 19.10.2019.

Balakrishnan J., Griffiths M. D. (2017). An Exploratory Study of “Selfitis” and the Development of the Selfitis Behavior Scale. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction 36 1: 3-6. doi: 10.1007/s11469-017-9844-x.

Büyüköztürk Ş. (2011). Handbook of data analysis for the social sciences, Ankara, Turkey

Cedillo M. J., Ocampo R., (2016). Levels of Self-Monitoring, Self-Expression and Selfie Behavior Among Selected Filipino Youth. The Bedan Journal of Psychology 1: 45-52.

Ceyhan A. A., Ceyhan E. (2014). The Validity and Reliability Study of Problematic Internet Usage Scale for Adolescent. Journal of Dependence 15: 56-64.

Charoensukmongkol P., (2016). Exploring Personal Characteristics Associated with Selfie-Liking. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research and Cyberspace 10. doi: 10.5817/CP2016-2-7.

Çelik H. E., Yılmaz V. (2013). Structural equality modeling with LISREL 9.1, Ankara, Turkey.

Çokluk Ö., Şekercioğlu G., Büyüköztürk Ş. (2016). Multivariate statistics for the social sciences: SPSS and LISREL applications, Ankara, Turkey.

Edwards F. (2017). An Investigation of Attention-Seeking Behavior Through Social Media Post Framing. Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications 3 1: 25-44

Erkuş A. (2014). Measurement and scale development in psychology Vol. 1, Ankara, Turkey.

Griffiths M. D., Balakrishnan J. (2018). The Psychosocial Impact of Excessive Selfie-Taking in Youth: A Brief Overview. Education and Health 36 1: 3-6.

Hingerton H. (2016). Social media selfies: Exploring relationships between gender, narcissism, self-esteem, body image and problematic internet use. Dublin Business School.

Karagöz Y. (2016). SPSS and AMOS 23 applied statistical analyses, Ankara, Turkey

Marcial D. V. (2015). What’s on Your Mind? Measuring Self-Promotional and Anti-Social Behaviors on Facebook among Tertiary Students. Information Technologies and Learning Tools 48: 199-208.

Meydan C. H., Şeşen H. (2015). Structural equality modeling: AMOS applications, Ankara, Turkey.

Mullai E., Macaj O., Kotherja O. (2017). Selfie-Mania Influence on Adolescent Self-Esteem. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 4: 95-100.

Nagalingam S., Arumugam B. (2015). Self-Impetus to Self Portraits. International Journal of Healthcare Sciences 3: 223-224.

Safna H. M. F. (2017). Negative Impact of Selfies on Youth. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research 5 3: 68-73.

Saroshe S., Banseria R., Dixit S., Patidar A. (2016). Assessment of Selfie Syndrome among the Professional Students of a Cosmopolitan City of Central India: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Preventive and Public Health Sciences 2: 1-4. doi: 10-17354/ijpphs/2016/25.

Senft T. M., Baym N. K., (2015). What Does the Selfie Say? Investigating a Global Phenomenon. International Journal of Communication 9: 1588-1606.

Seyfi M., Arpacı İ., (2016). The Relationships Between Appearance Concerns and Selfie Sharing on Social Medya. Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal 2: 143-154.

Seçer İ., 2015. Psychological test development and adaptation process: SPSS and LISREL applications, Ankara, Turkey.

Solanki A. P. S. (2017). Selfie Addiction Scale. 16th World Congress on Psychiatry and Psychological Syndromes April 24-25, Las Vegas, USA.

Som N., Manjusha N. Anju G., Ajay B. (2017). Assessment of Selfie Addiction Among Professional Medical Students of Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur. Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 4 4: 261-266. doi: 10.18231/2394-6776.2017.0057.

Tavşancıl E. (2014). Measurement of attitudes and data analysis with SPSS, Ankara, Turkey

Vats M. (2015). Selfie Syndrome: An Infectious Gift of IT to Health Care. Journal of Lung, Pulmonary and Respiratory Rese 2: 1-2.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.2736

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Ersun Çıplak, Sabahattin Çam

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).