THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP OF SCHOOL HEADS AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF TEACHERS

Lyndon A. Quines, Ruben V. Pablo, Jr.

Abstract


The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of general self-efficacy on the relationship between the transformational leadership of school heads and the organizational commitment of teachers. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 elementary public-school teachers who belong to the 3 districts, Magsaysay, Bansalan and Matan-ao under the Division of Davao Del Sur in the province of Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized a stratified random sampling technique and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r and Medgraph using Sobel z-test. From the results of the study, it was found out that there is a very high level of mean scores for transformational leadership of school heads, a very high level of the mean score for the organizational commitment of teachers and a high level of general self-efficacy for teachers. Also, results revealed that there are significant relationships between the transformational leadership of school heads and the organizational commitment of teachers, between the transformational leadership of school heads and general self-efficacy of teachers, and between general self-efficacy and organizational commitment of teachers. Further, it was revealed that there was a full mediation effect of general self-efficacy on the relationship between the transformation leadership of school heads and the organizational commitment of teachers.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


education, general self-efficacy, transformational leadership, organizational commitment, teachers, mediating effect, Philippines

Full Text:

PDF

References


Afsar, B., Maqsoom, A., Shahjehan, A., Afridi, S. A., Nawaz, A., & Fazliani, H. (2020). Responsible leadership and employee’s pro-environmental behavior: the role of organizational commitment, green shared vision, and internal environmental locus of control. Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag., 27, 297–312. DOI: 10.1002/CSR.1806.

Ahmad, S. (2018). Can ethical leadership inhibit workplace bullying across East and West: exploring cross-cultural interactional justice as a mediating mechanism. Eur. Manag. J., 36, 223–234. DOI: 10.1016/J.EMJ.2018.01.003

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol. Rev. 84, 191–215.

Barni, D., Danioni, F. & Benevene, P. (2019). Teachers’ self-efficacy: The role of personal values and motivations for teaching. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1645. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01645

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2004). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire: Manual and Simpler Set, 3rd ed., Mind-garden, Inc., Redwood City, CA.

Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications. New York: Free Press.

Bauer, T., & Ergoden, B. (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Leader-Member Exchange. New York, NY 10016: Oxford University Press.

Bernaldez, E. A., & Gempes, G. P. (2016). The mediating effect of conflict management styles of school heads on the relationship between ethical climate and organizational commitment among public elementary schools in region XI. International Journal of Management Excellence, 7(1), 743-750. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/download/73503631/pdf_46.pdf

Brunders, A. E., Broerse, J. E. W., & Regeer, B. J. (2021). Leadership for empowerment: Analyzing leadership practices in a youth care organization using peer video reflection. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 45(5), 431-453. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2021.1961333

Caballero, C. G., & Guhao Jr, E. S. (2020). Structural Equation Model on Organizational Commitment of Private Schools' Library Personnel in Region XI. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9, 335-381.

Cherry, K. (2020). How a transactional leadership style works. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-transactional-leadership-2795317

Cho Y., Shin M., Billing T. K., & Bhagat R. S. (2019). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and affective organizational commitment: a closer look at their relationships in two distinct national contexts. Asian Bus. Manag., 183, 187–210. DOI: 10.1057/S41291-019-00059-1

Coladarci, T. (1992). Teachers' sense of efficacy and commitment to teaching. Journal of Experimental Education, 60(4), 323-337.

Creswell, John W. A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE publications, 2014.

Dansereau, F., Graen, G.B., & Haga, W. (1975). A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership in formal organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 13, 46-78

De Vaus, David. Research design in social research. Sage, 2001.

Doyle, A. (2020). Important delegation skills for workplace success. Retrieved from https://www.thebalancemoney.com/delegation-skills-2059688#main

Emerson & Cook, R & K (1976). "Annual Review of Sociology". The Social Exchange Theory. 2: 335–362.

Fathi, J., Greenier, V., & Derakhshan, A. (2021). Self-efficacy, reflection, and burnout among Iranian EFL teachers: the mediating role of emotion regulation. Iranian J. Lang. Teach. Res., 9, 13–37. doi: 10.30466/IJLTR.2021.121043

Gillet, N., & Vandenberghe, C. (2014). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: The mediating role of job characteristics. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(3), 321-347.

Gokyer, N. (2018). Organizational Commitment of High School Teachers. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(n3a), 115-125.

Guhao Jr, E. S. (2019). Organizational commitment of public school teachers: A structural equation modeling analysis. MOJEM: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 7(1), 57-91.

Gulluce, A. Ç., Kaygin, E., Kafadar, S. B., & Atay, M. (2016). The relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment: A study on the bank employees. Journal of Service Science and Management, 9(03), 263.

Han, Y., & Wang, Y. (2021). Investigating the correlation among Chinese EFL teachers’ self-efficacy, work engagement, and reflection. Front. Psychol., 12(763234). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.763234

Hanaysha, J. (2016). Testing the effects of employee engagement, work environment, and organizational learning on organizational commitment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 289-297.

Hashmi, A., Ahmad, M. A., & Nawaz, M. A. (2021). The Role of Coordination, Decision Making and Special Data Infrastructure on the Disaster Management in Pakistan: Moderating Role of Information System. Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences, 4(1), 79-91.

Islam T., Tariq J., & Usman B. (2018). Transformational leadership and four-dimensional commitment: mediating role of job characteristics and moderating role of participative and directive leadership styles. J. Manag. Dev., 37, 666–683. DOI: 10.1108/JMD-06-2017-0197/FULL/XML

Jena L. K., Pradhan S., & Panigrahy N. P. (2018). Pursuit of organisational trust: role of employee engagement, psychological well-being and transformational leadership. Asia Pacific Manag. Rev., 23, 227–234. DOI: 10.1016/J.APMRV.2017.11.001

Karaca, D., & Özgül, B., & Zehir, C. (2021). The relationships among charismatic leadership, job satisfaction, and entrepreneurial orientation: An empirical study in the R&D department. BMIJ, 9(4), 1521-1537. doi: https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v9i4.1944

Khan M. M., Mubarak S., & Islam T. (2020). Leading the innovation: role of trust and job crafting as sequential mediators relating servant leadership and innovative work behavior. Eur. J. Innov. Manag. Epub ahead of print. DOI: 10.1108/EJIM-05-2020-0187/FULL/XML

Khan M. M., Mubarik M. S., Islam T., Rehman A., Ahmed S. S., Khan E., et al. (2021). How servant leadership triggers innovative work behavior: exploring the sequential mediating role of psychological empowerment and job crafting. Eur. J. Innov. Manag. ahead-of-print, DOI: 10.1108/EJIM-09-2020-0367/FULL/XML

Khan, A. J., & Iqbal, J. (2020b). Training and Employee Commitment: The Social Exchange Perspective. Journal of Management Sciences, 7(1), 88-100.

Klassen, R. M., & Tze, V. M. (2014). Teachers’ self-efficacy, personality, and teaching effectiveness: A meta-analysis. Educational research review, 12, 59-76.

Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2012). The leadership challenge: How to make extraordinary things happen in organization (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Kumar, K. (2022). Guide to transformational leadership. Retrieved from https://www.regalunlimited.com/what-is-transformational-leadership/

Labatmediene, L., Kaunas, L., Endriulaitiene, A., & Gustainiene, L. (2017). Individual correlates of organizational commitment and intention to leave the organization. Baltic Journal of Management, 2(2), 196-212.

Landry, L. (2020). How to delegate effectively: 9 tips for managers. Harvard Business School Online. Retrieved from https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/how-to-delegate-effectively

Liu, E., & Huang, J. (2019). Occupational self-efficacy, organizational commitment, and work engagement. Social Behavior and Personality, 47(8), 1-7.

Lorinkova, N. M., Pearsall, M. J., Henry, P., & Sims, J. (2013). Examining the differential longitudinal performance of directive versus empowering leadership in teams. Academy of Management Journal, 56(2), 573–596. doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0132

MacKinnon, David P., and Linda J. Luecken. "How and for whom? Mediation and moderation in health psychology." Health psychology 27.2S (2008): S99.

Mahdi, A., Ismail, N. S., Jugie, O. S., & Sari, S. (2017). A study on relationship between five-factor model of personality traits and commitment among support staff at Batu Lintang, Kuching, Sarawak. Paper presented at the ICOPS2017 eProceedings, 320-332.

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research and application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications

Mustafa, M. Z. B., Nordin, M. B., Razzaq, A. R. B. A., & bin Ibrahim, B. (2020). Organizational Commitment of Vocational College Teachers in Malaysia. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(9), 5023-5029.

Mwesigwa R., Tusiime I., & Ssekiziyivu B. (2020). Leadership styles, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among academic staff in public universities. J. Manag. Dev., 39, 253–268. DOI: 10.1108/JMD-02-2018-0055/FULL/XML

Nazir O., & Islam J. U. (2017). Enhancing organizational commitment and employee performance through employee engagement: an empirical check. South Asian J. Bus. Stud., 6, 98–114. DOI: 10.1108/SAJBS-04-2016-0036/FULL/XML

Odumeru, James, A., & Ogbonna, I. (2013). Transformational vs. Transactional Leadership Theories: Evidence in Literature. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2 (2).

Patidar, J. (2013). "Non-experimental research design." Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/drjayesshpatidar/nonexperimental-research-design

Perera, U., & Jayawardana, A. (2022). The Impact of Charismatic Leadership and Computer Self-Efficacy on HRIS User Acceptance and HRIS Use Behaviour. Sri Lankan Journal of Management, 27(1). DOI: 10.33939/SLJM.27.01.01.2022.

Porter, J. A. (2014). The relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment in nonprofit long term care organizations: The direct care worker perspective (Doctoral dissertation, Creighton University).

Qi, L., Liu, B., Wei, X., & Hu, Y. (2019). Impact of inclusive leadership on employee innovative behavior: perceived organizational support as a mediator. PLoS One, 14(0212091). DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0212091

Radulović, A., Epitropaki, O., Polentas, A., & Salvadó-Gracia, M. (2021). Leading in the time of crisis: charismatic leadership. Finiz: “Are you Ready for the Continuous NEXT® after COVID-19?” pp. 78-90. DOI: 10.15308/finiz-2021-87-90

Salkind, Neil, Jr. (2007). Encyclopedia of Measurements and Statistics. https://dx/doi.org/10.4135/97814129526644.n439.

Salvador, L. (2022). Transformation redefined: Putting transformational leadership at the heart of business. Retrieved from https://www.bworldonline.com/spotlight/2022/06/01/452155/transformation-redefined-putting-transformational-leadership-at-the-heart-of-business/

Sayyadi, M., & Provitera, M. J. (2022). Why transformational leaders need to ensure they concentrate on employees' individual needs and share knowledge in the company. Retrieved from https://www.processexcellencenetwork.com/organizational-change/articles/discover-the-qualities-of-transformational-leaders

Sharma, R., & Singh, S. (2017). Transformational leadership style and self-efficacy among teaching professionals. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4 (2), 86, 140-147.

Stephanie, E. (2003). Slovin's formula sampling techniques. Houghton-Mifflin, New York, USA

Suryani, I. (2018). Factors affecting organizational commitment. Journal Manajemen dan Inovasi, 9(1), 26-34.

Syabarrudin, A., Eliyana, A. & Naimah, J. (2020). Does employees' self-efficacy drive their organizational commitment? Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(4), 135-141.

Tokbaeva, D. (2021). The Rise and Fading Away of Charisma. Leadership Transition and Managerial Ethics in the Post-Soviet Media Holdings. J Bus Ethics, 174, 847–860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04923-z

Tsai, M.-T., Tsai, C.-L. & Wang, Y.-C. (2011). A study on the relationship between leadership style, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and organizational commitment: a case study of the banking industry in Taiwan. African Journal of Business Management, 5(13), 5319-5329.

Ullah, M., Kamran, H., Akram, S., Nawaz, M., & Rehman, F. (2021). Organizational antecedents and talent turnover: A relational analysis of credit card departments of banks. Management Science Letters, 11(4), 1211-1220.

Van Acker, F., Van Buuren, H., Kreijns, K., & Vermeulen, M. (2013). Why teachers use digital learning materials: the role of self-efficacy, subjective norm and attitude. Educ. Inform. Technol., 18, 495–514. doi: 10.1007/s10639-011-9181-9

Windlinger, R., Warwas, J., & Hostettler, U. (2020). Dual effects of transformational leadership on teacher efficacy in close and distant leadership situations. School Leadership Manage., 40, 64–87. doi: 10.1080/13632434.2019.1585339

Zhao H., & Zhou Q. (2019). Exploring the impact of responsible leadership on organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: a leadership identity perspective. Sustain, 11(944). DOI: 10.3390/SU11040944




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i5.4771

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Lyndon A. Quines, Ruben V. Pablo, Jr.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).