MODERATING EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ON COLLEGE STUDENTS’ STRESS AND BURNOUT

Jovanny Villalon, Edwin Nebria

Abstract


The primary objective was to investigate how demographic variables impact the relationship between student stress and burnout. The study used a non-experimental quantitative research methodology using a descriptive-correlational technique. Data was collected by conducting an online survey with 300 college students from five higher education institutions in Davao City. The participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data analysis included the use of statistical methods such as mean, Pearson r, hierarchical regression analysis, and modgraph. Based on the findings of the study, student stress and burnout were found to be on moderate levels. There is a strong and meaningful correlation between student stress and burnout. Among the five demographic factors, it was discovered that student status and living status had a partial moderating effect on the direct impact of student stress on burnout. Implications were thoroughly examined.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


education, student stress, student burnout, demographic variables, correlation, moderation, Philippines

Full Text:

PDF

References


_____. “Examining Perceptions of Academic Stress and Its Sources among University Students: The Perception of Academic Stress Scale.” Health Psychology Open 2.2 (2015): 205510291559671. Web.

_____. “Relationship Between Coping With Interpersonal Stressors and Depressive Symptoms in the United States, Australia, and China: A Focus on Reassessing Coping.” PLOS ONE 9.10 (2014): e109644. Web.

_____. “Stress and Its Effects on Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study at a College of Medicine in Saudi Arabia.” Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 29.5 (2011): n. pag. Web.

“American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment Spring 2007 Reference Group Data Report (Abridged).” Journal of American College Health 56.5 (2008): 469–480. Web.

“Back to School: Dealing with Academic Stress - PDF Free Download.” N.p., n.d. Web.

“MindTools | Home.” N.p., n.d. Web.

“What Is Gender? What Is Sex? - CIHR.” Canadian Institutes of Health Research. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2021.

Abdulghani, Hamza M et al. “Stress and Its Effects on Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study at a College of Medicine in Saudi Arabia.” Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 29.5 (2011): n. pag. Web.

Alalwani, Juhani, SM, Bashaer Mahboub, Al, Fallatah. “The Prevalence of Stress among Medical Students and Its Effects on Academic Performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 75.5 (2018): 3200–3205. Web.

Almeida, Gilson De Cavalcante et al. “The Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in Medical Students.” Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) 43.1 (2016): 6–10. Web.

Alsulami, Saleh et al. “Perception of Academic Stress among Health Science Preparatory Program Students in Two Saudi Universities.” Advances in Medical Education and Practice Volume 9 (2018): 159–164. Web.

Andersen, Ellen. “Part Time and Full Time Student Hours: What’s the Difference?” College Raptor Blog. N.p., 11 Aug. 2021. Web.

Arip, Mohammad Aziz Shah Bin Mohamed. “STUDENT STRESS INVENTORY (SSI) Development, Validity and Reliability of Student Stress Inventory.” https://www.academia.edu/ 1.1 (2016): 11–12. Web.

Australian Bureau of Statistics. “Age Standard, 2014, Version 1.7.” Australian Bureau of Statistics. N.p., 3 Nov. 2014. Web.

Bakker, Arnold B., Evangelia Demerouti, and Willem Verbeke. “Using the Job Demands-Resources Model to Predict Burnout and Performance.” Human Resource Management 43.1 (2004): 83–104. Web.

Bedewy, Dalia, and Adel Gabriel. “Examining Perceptions of Academic Stress and Its Sources among University Students: The Perception of Academic Stress Scale.” Health Psychology Open 2.2 (2015): 205510291559671. Web.

Beilock, Sian L. “Back to School: Dealing with Academic Stress.” PsycEXTRA Dataset 1 Jan. 2011. Web.

Benfield, Jacob A. et al. “Testing Noise in the Field.” Environment and Behavior 46.3 (2012): 353–372. Web.

Berjot, Sophie, and Nicolas Gillet. “Stress and Coping with Discrimination and Stigmatization.” Frontiers in Psychology 2 (2011): n. pag. Web.

Biron, Caroline, Jean-Pierre Brun, and Hans Ivers. “Extent and Sources of Occupational Stress in University Staff.” National Library of Medicine 2.1 (2006): 11–22. Web.

Blazer, Christie. Student Stress. Miami—Dade Country Public Schools, 2010. Web. 23 Oct. 2023.

Bullock, Garrett S. et al. “The Prevalence and Effect of Burnout on Graduate Healthcare Students.” Canadian Medical Education Journal 8.3 (2017): e90-108. Web.

Cagula, Ken E. “Students Sleepless, Stressed over Online Class | Davao Today.” Davao Today. N.p., 16 Oct. 2020. Web.

Carlotto, Mary Sandra. “Burnout Syndrome in Students of Psychology.” Temas Em Psicologia 15.2 (2007): 173–180. Web.

Chang, Elaine, Florence Eddins-Folensbee, and John Coverdale. “Survey of the Prevalence of Burnout, Stress, Depression, and the Use of Supports by Medical Students at One School.” Academic Psychiatry 36.3 (2012): 177. Web.

Charkhabi, Morteza, Mohsen Azizi Abarghuei, and Davood Hayati. “The Association of Academic Burnout with Self-Efficacy and Quality of Learning Experience among Iranian Students.” SpringerPlus 2.1 (2013): n. pag. Web.

Chellamuthu, Subramani, and Kadhiravan Subramanian. “Academic Stress and Mental Health Among High School Students.” Indian Journal of Applied Research 7.5 (2017): 79–96. Web.

Chernomas, Wanda M., and Carla Shapiro. “Stress, Depression, and Anxiety among Undergraduate Nursing Students.” International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship 10.1 (2013): 255–266. Web.

Chigerwe, Munashe, Karen A Boudreaux, and Jan E Ilkiw. “Assessment of Burnout in Veterinary Medical Students Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educational Survey: A Survey during Two Semesters.” BMC Medical Education 14.1 (2014): n. pag. Web.

Cordes, Cynthia L., and Thomas W. Dougherty. “A Review and an Integration of Research on Job Burnout.” The Academy of Management Review 18.4 (1993): 621. Web.

Creswell, John. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, And Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, 4Th Edition. 4th ed. Pearson India, 2021. Print.

Deary, Ian J, Roger Watson, and Richard Hogston. “A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Burnout and Attrition in Nursing Students.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 43.1 (2003): 71–81. Web.

Deeb, George R. et al. “Burnout, Depression and Suicidal Ideation in Dental and Dental Hygiene Students.” European Journal of Dental Education 22.1 (2017): e70–e74. Web.

Demerouti, Evangelia, Karina Mostert, and Arnold B. Bakker. “Burnout and Work Engagement: A Thorough Investigation of the Independency of Both Constructs.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 15.3 (2010): 209–222. Web.

Dimitrov, George. “A Study on the Impact of Academic Stress among College Students in India.” Ideal Journal 2.4 (2017): 21–35. Web.

Dupéré, Véronique et al. “Stressors and Turning Points in High School and Dropout.” Review of Educational Research 85.4 (2015): 591–629. Web.

Dyrbye, Liselotte N et al. “The Learning Environment and Medical Student Burnout: A Multicentre Study.” Medical Education 43.3 (2009): 274–282. Web.

Erschens, Rebecca et al. “Professional Burnout among Medical Students: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.” Medical Teacher 41.2 (2018): 172–183. Web.

Fares, Jawad et al. “Extracurricular Activities Associated with Stress and Burnout in Preclinical Medical Students.” Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 6.3 (2015): 177. Web.

Feld, Lauren D., and Anna Shusterman. “Into the Pressure Cooker: Student Stress in College Preparatory High Schools.” Journal of Adolescence 41 (2015): 31–42. Web.

Fimian, Michael J. et al. “The Measure of Classroom Stress and Burnout among Gifted and Talented Students.” Psychology in the Schools 26.2 (1989): 139–153. Web.

Fiorilli, Caterina et al. “School Burnout, Depressive Symptoms, and Engagement: Their Combined Effect on Student Achievement.” International Journal of Educational Research 84 (2017): 1–12. Web.

Gaedke, Gudrun et al. “Impact of Stress Factors on Part-Time College Students.” International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education 3.2 (2012): 692–698. Web.

Goff, Anne-Marie. “Stressors, Academic Performance, and Learned Resourcefulness in Baccalaureate Nursing Students.” International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship 8.1 (2011): n. pag. Web.

Goodwin, Robin et al. “Quarantine, Distress and Interpersonal Relationships during COVID-19.” General Psychiatry 33.6 (2020): e100385. Web.

Government of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Institutes, Institute of Gender and Health. “What Is Gender? What Is Sex? - CIHR.” N.p., 8 May 2023. Web.

Habeeb, Kholoud Abdulrahman. “Prevalence of Stressors among Female Medical Students Taibah University.” Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 5.2 (2010): 110–119. Web.

Hamaideh, Shaher H. “Stressors and Reactions to Stressors Among University Students.” International Journal of Social Psychiatry 57.1 (2009): 69–80. Web.

Hayes, Andrew. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis, Third Edition: A Regression-Based Approach (Methodology in the Social Sciences). Third. The Guilford Press, 2022. Print.

Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, Jürgen H. P. “Standardisation and Harmonisation of Socio-Demographic Variables (Version 2.0).” Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences (2016): 11. Web.

Jayasankara Reddy, K., Karishma Rajan Menon, and Anjana Thattil. “Academic Stress and Its Sources Among University Students.” Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11.1 (2018): 531–537. Web.

Jimenez, Cristobal, Pilar Martínez Navia-Osorio, and Carmen Vacas Diaz. “Stress and Health in Novice and Experienced Nursing Students.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 66.2 (2010): 442–455. Web.

Jung, Inkyung et al. “Mediating Effect of Academic Self-Efficacy on the Relationship between Academic Stress and Academic Burnout in Chinese Adolescents.” International Journal of Human Ecology 16.2 (2015): 63–77. Web.

Kato, Tsukasa. “Relationship between Coping with Interpersonal Stressors and Depressive Symptoms in the United States, Australia, and China: A Focus on Reassessing Coping.” Ed. Judith Homberg. PLoS ONE 9.10 (2014): n. pag. Web.

Kumar, Bhawna, Ajesh Sharma, and Jyoti Sarin. “Academic Stress, Anxiety, Remedial Measures Adopted and Its Satisfaction among Medical Student.” A Systematic Review, International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 6.7 (2016): 368–376. Web.

Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences. “Survey Guidelines: Socio-Demographic Variables.” Socio-Demographic Variables. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2021.

Lin, Shu-Hui, and Yun-Chen Huang. “Life Stress and Academic Burnout.” Active Learning in Higher Education 15.1 (2013): 77–90. Web.

Little, William. “Chapter 14. Marriage and Family – Introduction to Sociology – 2nd Canadian Edition.” Pressbooks. N.p., 5 Oct. 2016. Web.

Lyndon, Mataroria P. et al. “Burnout, Quality of Life, Motivation, and Academic Achievement among Medical Students: A Person-Oriented Approach.” Perspectives on Medical Education 6.2 (2017): 108–114. Web.

M.L, Ryan, Shochet I. M., and Stallman H. M. “Online Resilience Interventions Might Engage Psychologically Distressed University Students Who Are Unlikely to Seek Formal Help.” Advanced Mental Health 9 (2010): 73–83. Web.

Martinez, Javier, Claudia Andrea Mikkelsen, and Rhonda Phillips. Handbook of Quality of Life and Sustainability (International Handbooks of Quality-of-Life). 1st ed. 2021. Springer, 2020. Print.

Maslach, Christina, and Michael P. Leiter. “Understanding the Burnout Experience: Recent Research and Its Implications for Psychiatry.” World Psychiatry 15.2 (2016): 103–111. Web.

Mishra, Shailendra Kumar. “Assessment of Mental Stress Among First Year Medical Students and Change in Level of Stress Before Examination.” Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research 05.03 (2017): 18280–18284. Web.

Mishra, Snigdha Prava. “Assessment of Mental Stress among First Year Medical Students and Change in Level of Stress before Examination.” Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research 05.03 (2017): 18280–18284. Web.

Moscaritolo, Linda M. “Interventional Strategies to Decrease Nursing Student Anxiety in the Clinical Learning Environment.” Journal of Nursing Education 48.1 (2009): 17–23. Web.

Neziroglu, Fugen, Katharine Donnelly, and Daphne Simeon. Overcoming Depersonalization Disorder: A Mindfulness and Acceptance Guide to Conquering Feelings of Numbness and Unreality. 1st ed. New Harbinger Publications, 2010. Print.

NI Business Info. “Common Causes of Personal Stress | Nibusinessinfo.Co.Uk.” NI Business Info. N.p., 5 June 2019. Web.

Oyoo, Syprine et al. “Academic Burnout and Academic Achievement among Secondary School Students in Kenya.” Education Research International 2020 (2020): 1–6. Web.

Pagnin, Daniel, and Valéria De Queiroz. “Influence of Burnout and Sleep Difficulties on the Quality of Life among Medical Students.” SpringerPlus 4.1 (2015): n. pag. Web.

Parker, Philip D., and Katariina Salmela-Aro. “Developmental Processes in School Burnout: A Comparison of Major Developmental Models.” Learning and Individual Differences 21.2 (2011): 244–248. Web.

Parker, Philip D., and Katariina Salmela‐Aro. “Developmental Processes in School Burnout: A Comparison of Major Developmental Models.” Learning and Individual Differences 21.2 (2011): 244–248. Web.

Pascoe, Michaela, Sarah Hetrick, and Alexandra G. Parker. “The Impact of Stress on Students in Secondary School and Higher Education.” International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 25.1 (2019): 104–112. Web.

Persaud, Nadini, and Indeira Persaud. “The Relationship between Socio-Demographics and Stress Levels, Stressors, and Coping Mechanisms among Undergraduate Students at a University in Barbados.” International Journal of Higher Education 5.1 (2015): n. pag. Web.

Peterson, Ulla et al. “Burnout and Physical and Mental Health among Swedish Healthcare Workers.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 62.1 (2008): 84–95. Web.

Porwal, Kartiki, and Ravindra Kumar. “A Study of Academic Stress Among Senior Secondary Students.” International Journal of Indian Psychology (2014): n. pag. Web.

Prabhu, Vishnunarayan Girishan et al. “Stress and Burnout among Attending and Resident Physicians in the ED: A Comparative Study.” IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering 11.1 (2020): 1–10. Web.

Prabu, Dr. P. Suresh. “A Study on Academic Stress among Higher Secondary Students.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention 4.10 (2015): 63–68. Web.

Räsänen, Tiina et al. “Girls and Boys Gambling with Health and Well‐Being in Finland.” Journal of School Health 85.4 (2015): 214–222. Web.

Rasheed, Fatima Al, Atta Abbas Naqvi, and Rizwan Ahmad. “Academic Stress and Prevalence of Stress-Related Self-Medication among Undergraduate Female Students of Health and Non-Health Cluster Colleges of a Public Sector University in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.” Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 9.4 (2017): 251. Web.

Rotenstein, Lisa S. et al. “Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students.” JAMA 316.21 (2016): 2214. Web.

Salmela-Aro, Katariina et al. “The Dark Side of Internet Use: Two Longitudinal Studies of Excessive Internet Use, Depressive Symptoms, School Burnout and Engagement Among Finnish Early and Late Adolescents.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 46.2 (2016): 343–357. Web.

Salmela‐Aro, Katariina, and Katja Upadyaya. “School Burnout and Engagement in the Context of Demands-Resources Model.” British Journal of Educational Psychology 84.1 (2013): 137–151. Web.

Schaufeli, Wilmar B. “Past Performance and Future Perspectives of Burnout Research.” Sa Journal of Industrial Psychology 29.4 (2003): n. pag. Web.

Sharma, Gaganpreet. “Pros and Cons of Different Sampling Techniques.” International Journal of Applied Research 3.7 (2017): 749–752. Web.

Sheets, Erin S., and Michael F. Armey. “Daily Interpersonal and Noninterpersonal Stress Reactivity in Current and Remitted Depression.” Cognitive Therapy and Research 44.4 (2020): 774–787. Web.

Simkus, Julia. “Simple Random Sampling Method: Definition & Example.” Simply Psychology (2023): n. pag. Web.

Slack, Alex. “The Importance of Addressing Medical Student Burnout.” MED-ED. N.p., 9 May 2018. Web.

Sohail, Nudrat. “Stress and Academic Performance among Medical Students.” National Center for Biotechnology Information 23.1 (2013): 67–71. Web.

Srinivasa, Shishira, and L. Vijayashree. “A Study on Academic Stress Among Different Categories of Students – a Literature Review.” International Journal of Management and Humanities 5.8 (2021): 6–9. Web.

Steg, Linda, and De Judith Groot. Environmental Psychology: An Introduction (BPS Textbooks in Psychology). 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2019. Print.

Tan, Joyce Beiyu, and Shirley Mary Yates. “Academic Expectations as Sources of Stress in Asian Students.” Social Psychology of Education 14.3 (2010): 389–407. Web.

Thakkar, Anoushka. “Academic Stress in Students.” One Future Collective. N.p., 5 Apr. 2018. Web. 23 Oct. 2023.

Vagni, Monia et al. “Personal Accomplishment and Hardiness in Reducing Emergency Stress and Burnout among COVID-19 Emergency Workers.” Sustainability 12.21 (2020): 9071. Web.

Van Liew, Charles et al. “Assessing the Structure of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire in Fibromyalgia Patients Using Common Factor Analytic Approaches.” Pain Research and Management 2016 (2016): 1–17. Web.

Verdonk, Petra et al. “Show What You Know and Deal with Stress Yourself: A Qualitative Interview Study of Medical Interns’ Perceptions of Stress and Gender.” BMC Medical Education 14.1 (2014): n. pag. Web.

Veroff, Dan. “What You Can Learn about Your Community from Demographics.” Organizational & Leadership Development. N.p., n.d. Web.

Wang, Lifei, and P. Paul Heppner. “Assessing the Impact of Parental Expectations and Psychological Distress on Taiwanese College Students.” The Counseling Psychologist 30.4 (2002): 582–608. Web.

Watson, Stephanie. “Causes of Stress.” WebMD. N.p., 19 June 2009. Web.

Waysfeld, Bernard, and Dominique Adele Cassuto. “Interpersonal Stress - an Overview ScienceDirect Topics.” ScienceDirect. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2021.

Wilks, Scott E. “Resilience amid Academic Stress: The Moderating Impact of Social Support among Social Work Students.” Advances in Social Work 9.2 (2008): 106–125. Web.

World Health Organization. “Preventing Suicide: A Global Imperative.” World Health Organization. N.p., 29 Mar. 2019. Web.

Worly, Brett et al. “Burnout, Perceived Stress, and Empathic Concern: Differences in Female and Male Millennial Medical Students.” Psychology, Health & Medicine 24.4 (2018): 429–438. Web.

Yang, Hui-Jen, and Cheng Kiang Farn. “An Investigation the Factors Affecting MIS Student Burnout in Technical-Vocational College.” Computers in Human Behavior 21.6 (2005): 917–932. Web.

Yusof, Radduan et al. “A Study of Perception on Students’ Motivation, Burnout and Reasons for Dropout.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences 13.7 (2023): n. pag. Web.

Zhang, Yiwen, Yiqun Gan, and Heining Cham. “Perfectionism, Academic Burnout and Engagement among Chinese College Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.” Personality and Individual Differences 43.6 (2007): 1529–1540. Web.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v11i3.5243

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Jovanny Villalon, Edwin Nebria

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).