THE IMPACT OF TRAINING ON EMPLOYABILITY AND TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STAFF IN SHANDONG PROVINCE, CHINA

Xinyi Wang, Man Jiang

Abstract


As societal expectations for the quality and service level of higher education continue to rise, universities need to adapt to these changes through training, meet societal demands, and reduce staff turnover intentions. This study aims to investigate the impact of training on the employability and turnover intentions of administrative staff in Chinese higher education institutions. Based on the Social Exchange Theory and Conservation of Resources theory, a comprehensive research model is constructed to analyze the dynamics of relationships within educational settings. Data were collected from 500 faculty members at various universities in Shandong Province, China, using a structured questionnaire, and Structural Equation Modeling was employed to analyse the relationships between variables. The analysis reveals that training significantly enhances staff employability while concurrently diminishing their intentions to leave. Notably, it was found that employability inversely correlates with turnover intentions, highlighting employability's crucial mediating role between training and turnover intentions. The findings advocate for universities to revamp and innovate their training initiatives, ensuring these interventions are precisely tailored to the genuine needs of their academic and administrative staff. By bolstering employability through targeted training programs, universities can mitigate staff turnover intentions, thereby securing a stable teaching cohort and elevating the competitive edge of higher education institutions.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


training of academic and administrative staff in higher education, employability, turnover intention, higher education institutions in Shandong province, China

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmed T, Khan M S, Thitivesa D, Siraphatthada Y, Phumdara T, 2020. Impact of employees engagement and knowledge sharing on organizational performance: Study of HR challenges in COVID-19 pandemic. Human Systems Management, 39(4): 589-601. doi: 10.3233/HSM-201052

Baranchenko Y, Xie Y, Lin Z, Lau M C K, Ma J, 2020. Relationship between employability and turnover intention: The moderating effects of organizational support and career orientation. Journal of Management & Organization, 26(2): 241-262. doi: 10.1017/jmo.2019.77

Baron R M, Kenny D A, 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6): 1173-1182. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173

Behera B, Gaur M, 2022. Skill development training fueling employability in India. Journal of Xidian University, 16(2): 332-347. doi: 10.53272/icrrd

Blau P M, 1964. Justice in social exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2): 193-206. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x

Burnham K P, Anderson D R, Huyvaert K P, 2010. AIC model selection and multimodal inference in behavioral ecology: Some background, observations, and comparisons. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 65(1): 23-35. doi: 10.1007/s00265-010-1029-6

Cagri B, Osman C, 2010. The effects of organizational training on organizational commitment. International Journal of Training and Development, 14(4): 309-322. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2419.2010.00360.x

Chen G, Wang J, Huang Q, Sang L, Yan J, Chen R, Ding H, 2024. Social support, psychological capital, multidimensional job burnout, and turnover intention of primary medical staff: a path analysis drawing on conservation of resources theory. Human Resources for Health, 22(1): 42. doi: 10.1186/s12960-024-00915-y

Coates H, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhong Z, 2022. A turning point for Chinese higher education: Developing hybrid education at Tsinghua University. Routledge.

Coelho M, Menezes I, 2021. University social responsibility, service learning, and students' personal, professional, and civic education. Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 617300. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.617300

Cropanzano R, Anthony E L, Daniels S R, Hall A V, 2017. Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1): 479-516. doi: 10.5465/annals.2015.0099

Dhir S, Dutta T, Ghosh P, 2020. Linking employee loyalty with job satisfaction using PLS-SEM modelling. Personnel Review, 49(8): 1695-1711. doi: 10.1108/PR-03-2019-0107

Ghiselli E E, Campbell J P, Zedeck S, 1981. Measurement theory for the behavioral sciences. W. H. Freeman.

Glerum D R, Judge T A, 2021. Advancing employability: Applying training evaluation to employability development programs. Career Development International, 26(3): 363-390. doi: 10.1108/CDI-09-2020-0248

Hamzah R Y, 2020. The response of higher education institutions to global, regional, and national challenges. In The Transformation Plan of the University of Bahrain 2016-2021 as a Case Study (pp. 177-187). Radical Solutions and Open Science. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-4276-3_11

Haque A, Fernando M, Caputi P, 2019. The relationship between responsible leadership and organisational commitment and the mediating effect of employee turnover intentions: An empirical study with Australian employees. Journal of Business Ethics, 156: 759-774. doi: 10.1007/s10551-017-3575-6

Ho T T H, Le V H, Nguyen D T, Nguyen C T P, Nguyen H T T, 2023. Effects of career development learning on students’ perceived employability: A longitudinal study. Higher Education, 86(2): 297-315. doi: 10.1007/s10734-022-00933-6

Hobfoll S E, 1989. Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3): 513-524. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513

Hong X, Liu L, Bice S, Coates H, 2021. Evaluating university social contribution: Insights and concepts from Chinese higher education. In Managing Social Responsibility in Universities: Organisational Responses to Sustainability (pp. 49-69). Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-70013-3_4

Hong X, Liu L, Bice S, Coates H, 2021. Evaluating university social contribution: Insights and concepts from Chinese higher education. In Managing Social Responsibility in Universities: Organisational Responses to Sustainability (pp. 49-69). Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-70013-3_4

Huang W, Wang D, Pi X, Hewlin P F, 2022. Does coworkers' upward mobility affect employees' turnover intention? The roles of perceived employability and prior job similarity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(12): 2442-2472. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2020.1861058

Jahya A, Azlin S N I, Othman R, Romaiha N R, 2020. Turnover intention among Gen-Y: The role of training and development, compensation and organizational culture. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(10): 765-782. doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i10/7975

Jerrim J, Sims S, 2022. School accountability and teacher stress: International evidence from the OECD TALIS study. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 34(1): 5-32. doi: 10.1007/s11092-021-09360-0

Khan J, 2021. European academic brain drain: A meta-synthesis. European Journal of Education, 56(2): 265-278. doi: 10.1111/ejed.12449

Kim J, Maloney E J, 2020. Learning Innovation and the Future of Higher Education. JHU Press.

Kim Y, Kim D, Ryu A, 2019. Effects of teaching adaptative resilience on special class teacher' organizational commitment: Focused on the moderating effects of social supports. Journal of Special Education & Rehabilitation Science, 58(2): 403-430. doi: 10.23944/jsers.2019.06.58.2.18

Li R, Yao M, 2022. What promotes teachers' turnover intention? Evidence from a meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 37: 100477. doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100477

Liao H, Huang L, Hu B, 2022. Conservation of resources theory in the organizational behavior context: Theoretical evolution and challenges. Advances in Psychological Science, 30(2): 449-463. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.00449

Martin L, Nguyen-Thi U T, Mothe C, 2021. Human resource practices, perceived employability and turnover intention: Does age matter?. Applied Economics, 53(28): 3306-3320. doi: 10.1080/00036846.2021.1886238

Martínez-Valdivia E, Pegalajar-Palomino M D C, Burgos-García A, 2020. Social responsibility and university teacher training: Keys to commitment and social justice into schools. Sustainability, 12(15): 6179. doi: 10.3390/su12156179

Martini M, Riva E, Marafioti E, 2023. Sustainable HRM, training for employability and organizational outcomes: The moderating role of competitive intensity. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 45(7): 79-102. doi: 10.1108/ER-02-2022-0072

Mobley W H, Griffeth R W, Hand H H, Meglino B M, 1979. Review and conceptual analysis of the employee turnover process. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3): 493-522. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.493

Moreira A, Cesário F, Chambel M J, Castanheira F, 2020. Competences development and turnover intentions: The serial mediation effect of perceived internal employability and affective commitment. European Journal of Management Studies, 25(1): 5-22. doi: 10.1108/EJMS-10-2020-001

Neroorkar S, Gopinath P, 2020. Impact of Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) on the employability of graduates: A study of government ITIs in Mumbai. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 72(1): 23-46. doi: 10.1080/13636820.2019.1575895

Omar M K, Zahar F N, Rashid A M, 2020. Knowledge, skills, and attitudes as predictors in determining teachers' competency in Malaysian TVET institutions. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(3): 95-104. doi: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081612

Rahayu M, Rasid F, Tannady H, 2019. The effect of career training and development on job satisfaction and its implications for the organizational commitment of regional secretariat (SETDA) employees of Jambi provincial government. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(1): 79-89. doi: 10.32479/irmm.7439

Ramírez-Montoya M S, Andrade-Vargas L, Rivera-Rogel D, Portuguez-Castro M, 2021. Trends for the future of education programs for professional development. Sustainability, 13(13): 7244. doi: 10.3390/su13137244

Rao N, Hosein A, Raaper R, 2021. Doctoral students navigating the borderlands of academic teaching in an era of precarity. Teaching in Higher Education, 26(3): 454-470. doi: 10.1080/13562517.2021.1892058

Rothwell A, Arnold J, 2007. Self-perceived employability: Development and validation of a scale. Personnel Review, 36(1): 23-41. doi: 10.1108/00483480710716704

Schmiedehaus E, Cordaro M, Perrotte J, Stern M, Dailey S, Howard K, 2023. The great resignation in higher education: An occupational health approach to understanding intentions-to-quit for faculty in higher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 123: 103992. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2022.103992

Smaliukienè R, Bekesiene S, Hoskova-Mayerova S, 2024. Emotional resilience for wellbeing and employability: The role of learning and training. Frontiers in Psychology, 15: 1379696. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1379696

Szromek A R, Wolniak R, 2020. Job satisfaction and problems among academic staff in higher education. Sustainability, 12(12): 4865. doi: 10.3390/su12124865

Talluri S B, Uppal N, 2023. Subjective career success, career competencies, and perceived employability: Three-way interaction effects on organizational and occupational turnover intentions. Journal of Career Assessment, 31(2): 397-419. doi: 10.1177/10690727221119452

Tam H L, Chan A Y F, Fung T T O, Isangha S O, 2024. The mediating effect of psychological strengths and resilience on enhancing youth employability through social entrepreneurship education and training. Children and Youth Services Review, 156: 107325. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107325

Tang S Y, Wong A K, Li D D, Cheng M M, 2020. Millennial generation preservice teachers' intrinsic motivation to become a teacher, professional learning and professional competence. Teaching and Teacher Education, 96: 103180. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2020.103180

Tessema M T, Tesfom G, Faircloth M A, Tesfagiorgis M, Teckle P, 2022. The “great resignation”: Causes, consequences, and creative HR management strategies. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 10(1): 161-178. doi: 10.4236/jhrss.2022.101011

Xia T, Gu H, Huang Y, Zhu Q, Cheng Y, 2020. The relationship between career social support and employability of college students: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11: 28. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00028

Yan Z, Mansor Z D, Choo W C, Abdullah A R, 2021. How to reduce employees' turnover intention from the psychological perspective: A mediated moderation model. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14: 185-197. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S293839

Yu H, Yan C, Zhang L, Dong Z, Cheng L, Zheng X, Zhao Z, 2021. Does the employability paradox exist or not? An inverted U-shaped model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 588793. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.588793




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v11i10.5548

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Xinyi Wang, Man Jiang

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2023. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).