INTEGRATING COLLABORATIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES IN THE CURRICULUM: ENHANCING CRITICAL THINKING AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION

Joie Claire Mugabekazi, Jacqueline Mukanziza, Prudence Nizeyimana, Philogene Manirahari

Abstract


In an increasingly interconnected world, the ability to think critically and communicate effectively has become paramount for success in both academic and real-life contexts. Primary education serves as a foundational stage where these essential skills can be nurtured and developed. Traditional teaching methods, often characterized by rote memorization and individual work, do not adequately prepare students for the collaborative and dynamic nature of today's society. This study explores the integration of collaborative learning strategies within the primary education curriculum to enhance critical thinking and communication skills among young learners. As educational paradigms shift towards more interactive and student-centered approaches, collaborative learning emerges as a vital tool for fostering engagement and deeper understanding. Additionally, various collaborative techniques, such as group projects, peer teaching, and cooperative learning, and their impact on students' ability to think critically and communicate effectively were examined. Through qualitative and quantitative literature review analyses, the benefits of collaborative learning environments, such as improved problem-solving abilities, increased motivation, and enhanced social skills, are also highlighted. The findings suggest that when students work together, they not only learn from each other but also develop essential life skills that are crucial for their future academic and personal success. Recommendations for educators include practical strategies for implementing collaborative learning in the classroom and suggestions for further research in this area. Ultimately, this exploration aims to inspire educators to rethink their instructional approaches and embrace the potential of collaborative learning as a cornerstone of modern education, ensuring that every child is equipped with the skills necessary for lifelong success.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter


Keywords


collaborative learning, critical thinking, communication skills, educational technology, primary education

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adesina, O. O., Adesina, O. A., Adelopo, I., & Afrifa, G. A. (2023). Managing group work: the impact of peer assessment on student engagement. Accounting Education, 32(1), 90–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/09639284.2022.2034023

Aronson, E. (2000). Jigsaw Classroom. Social Psychology Network, 93–96. https://www.jigsaw.org/

Barrows, H. S. (1986). A taxonomy of problem‐based learning methods. Medical Education, 20(6), 481–486. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01386.x

Bell, S. (2010). Project-based learning for the 21st century: Skills for the future. The clearing house: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 83(2), 39–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098650903505415

Cadis, A., Point, S., Ticau, I. R., & Vavura, N. M. (2023). An analysis of the perceptions regarding the traditional versus alternative educational system. Management and Marketing, 18(4), 577–593. https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2023-0031

Cao, L., & Dede, C. (2023). Navigating a world of generative AI: Suggestions for educators. The Next Level Lab, Harvard Graduate School of Education, 1–13. Retrieved from https://bpb-use1.wpmucdn.com/websites.harvard.edu/dist/a/108/files/2023/08/Cao_Dede_final_8.4.23.pdf

Casanova, P. (2005). Literature as a world. New Left Review, 26(31), 71–90. Retrieved from https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii31/articles/pascale-casanova-literature-as-a-world

Chonkaew, P., Sukhummek, B., & Faikhamta, C. (2016). Development of analytical thinking ability and attitudes towards science learning of grade-11 students through science technology engineering and mathematics (STEM education) in the study of stoichiometry. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 17(4), 842–861. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6rp00074f

Cleveland-Innes, M., & Campbell, P. (2012). Emotional presence learning online environment. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 13(4), 269–292. Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/1234

Dillenbourg, P. (2007). What do you mean by collaborative learning? What do you mean by “collaborative learning”? Collaborative Learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches, 1, 1–19. https://telearn.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190240

Fauzi, F., & Roza Linda, M. (2021). The Effectiveness of Collaborative Learning Through Techniques. Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(1), 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jes.5.1.p.198-208

Forsell, J., Forslund Frykedal, K., & Chiriac, E. H. (2021). Teachers’ perceived challenges in group work assessment. Cogent Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1886474

Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 21(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640109527071

Gillies, R. M. (2014). Cooperative Learning: Developments in Research. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 3(2), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.4471/ijep.2014.08

Gillies, R. M. (2016). Cooperative learning: Review of research and practice. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 41(3), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2016v41n3.3

Guszcza, J., Evans-Greenwood, P., & Lewis, H. (2017). Cognitive collaboration Why humans and computers? Deloitte Review, 20, 8–29. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/deloitte-review/issue-20/augmented-intelligence-human-computer-collaboration.html

Harasim, L. (2018). Introduction to learning theory and technology. Learning Theory and Online Technologies. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716831-1

Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn? Educational Psychology Review, 16(3), 235–266. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EDPR.0000034022.16470.f3

Huang, X., & Lajoie, S. P. (2023). Social emotional interaction in collaborative learning: Why it matters and how can we measure it? Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 7(1), 100447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100447

Indrašienė, V., Jegelevičienė, V., Merfeldaitė, O., Penkauskienė, D., Pivorienė, J., Railienė, A., & Sadauskas, J. (2023). Critical Reflection in Students’ Critical Thinking Teaching and Learning Experiences. Sustainability, 15(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813500

Isnaini, I., Atmazaki, A., Ahda, Y., Lufri, L., Elizar, E., Amran, A., Fitri, N., Afriwes, A., & Hasan, A. (2023). Analysis of critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration skills (4C) for junior high school students. Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-166-1_27

Johnson, D., Johnson, R., & Smith, K. (1998). The Annual Report of Education Psychology in Japan. https://doi.org/10.5926/arepj1962.47.0

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2012). Restorative justice in the classroom: Necessary roles of cooperative context, constructive conflict, and civic values. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 5(1), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-4716.2011.00088.x

Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (2014). Cooperative learning: Improving University instruction by basing practice on validated theory. Journal of Excellence in College Teaching, 25, 85–118. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10180297

Jumadi, J., Perdana, R., Hariadi, M. H., Warsono, W., & Wahyudi, A. (2021). The impact of the collaborative model assisted by Google Classroom to improve students’ creative thinking skills. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(2), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i2.20987

Kaendler, C., Wiedmann, M., Rummel, N., & Spada, H. (2015). Teacher competencies for the implementation of collaborative learning in the classroom: A framework and research review. Educational Psychology Review, 27(3), 505–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-014-9288-9

Kagan, S. (2009). Kagan Cooperative Learning: Publishing Kagan. 33. Retrieved from https://www.kaganonline.com/catalog/cooperative_learning.php

Kamalov, F., Santandreu Calonge, D., & Gurrib, I. (2023). The new era of artificial intelligence in education: Towards a sustainable multifaceted revolution. Sustainability, 15(16), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612451

Keerthirathe, D. K. W. (2020). Peer learning: An overview. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Science, 4(11), 1-16. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355209445_Peer_Learning_an_Overview

Klingner, J. K., Vaughn, S., Arguelles, M. E., Hughes, M. T., & Leftwich, S. A. (2004). Collaborative strategic reading: “Real-world” lessons from classroom teachers. Remedial and Special Education, 25(5), 291–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325040250050301

Klopfer, E., Perry, J., Squire, K., & Jan, M. F. (2005). Collaborative learning through augmented reality role-playing. Computer-supported collaborative learning 2005: The Next 10 Years - Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning 2005, CSCL 2005, January, 311–315. https://doi.org/10.3115/1149293.1149333

Lane, S. (2016). Promoting collaborative learning among students. American Journal of Educational Research, 4(8), 602–607. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-4-8-4

Larusson, J. A., & White, B. (2014). Learning analytics: From research to practice. Learning Analytics: From Research to Practice. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3305-7

Le, H., Janssen, J., & Wubbels, T. (2018). Collaborative learning practices: teacher and student perceived obstacles to effective student collaboration. Cambridge Journal of Education, 48(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2016.1259389

Liu, T., & Lipowski, M. (2021). Influence of cooperative learning intervention on the intrinsic motivation of physical education students—a meta-analysis within a limited range. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062989

Loes, C. N. (2022). The Effect of Collaborative Learning on Academic Motivation. Teaching and Learning Inquiry, 10. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.10.4

Rausch, W. A., & Levi, P. (1996). Asynchronous and Synchronous Cooperation. Distributed Autonomous Robotic Syst. Demonstrated by Deadlock Resolution in a Distributed Robot System Conference paper. 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66942-5_22

Roschelle, J., Shechtman, N., Tatar, D., Hegedus, S., Hopkins, B., Empson, S., Knudsen, J., & Gallagher, L. P. (2010). Integration of technology, curriculum, and professional development for advancing middle school mathematics: Three large-scale studies. American Educational Research Journal, 47(4), 833–878. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831210367426

Rumiantsev, T., van der Rijst, R., & Admiraal, W. (2023). A systematic literature review of collaborative learning in conservatoire education. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 8(1), 100683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100683

Saab, N., Van Joolingen, W. R., & Van Hout-Wolters, B. H. A. M. (2005). Communication in collaborative discovery learning. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(4), 603–621. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709905X42905

Saira, Zafar, N., & Hafeez, M. (2021). A Critical review on discussion and traditional teaching methods. Psychology and Education Journal, 58(1), 1871–1886. https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1042

Slavin, R. E. (2014). Cooperative learning and academic achievement: Why does group work? [Aprendizaje cooperativo y rendimiento académico: ¿por qué funciona el trabajo en grupo?]. Anales de Psicología, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.3.201201

Soghomonyan, Z., & Karapetyan, A. (2023). Teaching strategies of the 21st century skills adapted to the local needs. European Journal of Teaching and Education, 5(3), 48–69. https://doi.org/10.33422/ejte.v5i3.1097

Stanikzai, M. I. (2023). Critical thinking, collaboration, creativity and communication skills among school students: A Review Paper. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 1(5), 441–453. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(5).34

Sun, J., Anderson, R. C., Lin, T. J., Morris, J. A., Miller, B. W., Ma, S., Thi Nguyen-Jahiel, K., & Scott, T. (2022). Children’s engagement during collaborative learning and direct instruction through the lens of participant structure. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 69, 102061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2022.102061

Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J. M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., Vinchon, F., El Hayek, S., Augereau-Landais, M., Mourey, F., Feybesse, C., Sundquist, D., & Lubart, T. (2023). Creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration: Assessment, certification, and promotion of 21st century skills for the future of work and education. Journal of Intelligence, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11030054

Topping, K. J., & Ehly, S. W. (2001). Peer-assisted learning: A framework for consultation. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 12(2), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532768XJEPC1202_03

VanLehn, K. (2011). The relative effectiveness of human tutoring, intelligent tutoring systems, and other tutoring systems. Educational Psychologist, 46(4), 197–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2011.611369

Vaughan, N. D., Cleveland-Innes, M., & Garrison, D. R. (2013). Teaching in Blended Learning Environments: Creating and Sustaining Communities of Inquiry. Teaching in Blended Learning Environments: Creating and Sustaining Communities of Inquiry. https://doi.org/10.15215/aupress/9781927356470.01

Veldman, M. A., Doolaard, S., Bosker, R. J., & Snijders, T. A. B. (2020). Young children working together. Cooperative learning effects on group work of children in Grade 1 of primary education. Learning and Instruction, 67, 101308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2020.101308

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvjf9vz4

Xu, E., Wang, W., & Wang, Q. (2023). The effectiveness of collaborative problem-solving in promoting students’ critical thinking: A meta-analysis based on empirical literature. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01508-1

Yean, C. P., Sarif, S., Ahmad, N., & Er, C. T. (2024). Exploring the influence of conflict in group work. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(2), 1184–1199. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i2/20762

Zhang, R., Shi, J., & Zhang, J. (2023). Research on the Quality of Collaboration in Project-Based Learning Based on Group Awareness. Sustainability, 15(15), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511901




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v12i3.5848

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Joie Claire Mugabekazi, Jacqueline Mukanziza, Prudence Nizeyimana, Philogene Manirahari

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2015-2026. European Journal of Education Studies (ISSN 2501 - 1111) is a registered trademark of Open Access Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Nationala a Romaniei). All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All authors who send their manuscripts to this journal and whose articles are published on this journal retain full copyright of their articles. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).