GENERATIVE WORDS OF ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH SENTENCE

Shkelqim Millaku

Abstract


This aim of the research is to investigate the generative “morphems, words or “simple or compound[1]” sentence. The full contrast of Albanian and English language in these phenomena of generative is in morphology and in syntactic structure. This accepts of studies will comported, contrasted and generated between two languages. This studies deals with noun (noun phrase), verb (verb phrase) of syntactic structure between Albanian and English language. In both of languages, most linguists (or scholars) are agree because has the contrast between Alb. – Eng. The following classes words: noun, verb, adjective, preposition, adverb, determinative and conjunction can generate. Each of these words classes is illustrated in the sentence below. The function of noun (or noun phrase) in the sentence can have the meaning of subject[2], direct object[3], indirect object[4] and “predicate” (…). The function of verb or verb phase in the sentence can have the predicate (...). 


[1] Shkelqim Millaku, THE CONTRAST OF THE COMPOUND WORDS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN LANGUAGE, European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching ISSN: 2537 - 1754 ISSN-L: 2537 - 1754 Available on-line at:

https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejfl/article/view/838, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3051614

[2] Shkelqim Millaku, THE FUNCTION OF ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH SENTENCE, European Journal of English Language Teaching ISSN: 2501-7136 ISSN-L: 2501-7136 Available on-line at: https://www.oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejel/article/view/830/2369

[3] Shkelqim Millaku, The direct object, ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Volume 4, issue 1, 2015, e-ISSN: 1857-8187 p-ISSN: 1857-8179, http://www.anglisticum.org.mk/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/233

[4] Shkelqim Millaku, THE INDIRECT OBJECT (IO) – ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH, European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching ISSN: 2537 - 1754 ISSN-L: 2537 – 1754, https://www.oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejfl/article/view/294/739

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

DOI

Keywords


generative morpheme, words, simple or compound sentence; Albanian and English language

References


Abney, S.P. (1987). The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect. Cambridge.

Aboh, E. O. (2004). The morphosyntax of complement-head sequences. New York.

Wojcicki, A. (1995). Constraints on suffixation, Tubingen. Germany.

Adams, V. (1973). An introduction to modern English word-formation. London.

Kelmendi, A. Mazllum Hasimja. (2002). Gramatika e gjuhës së sotme shqipe, Sintaksa. Prishtinë.

Carnie, A. (2002). Syntax. Oxford.

Radford, A. (2004). English Syntax. Cambridge.

Radford, A. (1997). Syntactic theory and the structure of English.Cambridge.

Radford, A. (2004). English syntax. Cambridge.

Spencer, A & Arnold Zwicky. (1998). The Handbook of Morphology, Malden (USA).

Downing, A & Philip Locke. (2002). A university English grammar. London.

Becker, A & Markus Bieswanger. (2006). Introduction to English linguistics. Germany.

Mark, A. (2005). What is Morphology? Malden.

Aronoff, M. (1992). Morphology now, State University of New York.

Aronoff, M. (1975). Word Formation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge.

Bas, A. (2008). English syntax and argumentation. Cambridge.

Baker, C.L. (1995). English Syntax. London.

Connor, F. (1993). The Meaning of Syntax. New York.

Kallulli, D. (19999). The Comparative Syntax of Albanian. Durham.

Adger, D. (2003). Core Syntax. Oxford.

Kruising, E. (1995). English Accidence and Syntax. Wien.

Herburger, E. (1990). English noun phrase structure. Wien.

Selkirk, E. (182). The syntax of Words. London.

Bach, E. (1966). An Introduction to Transformation grammar. New York.

Bach, E. (1968). Noun and Noun-Phrase. New York.

George, Y. (2006). The Study of language. New York.

Georgio, G. (2003). Sintaksa, struktura e ligjërimit, përkth. Blerta Topalli. Tiranë.

Gerhard, N. (1971). Papers in Contrastive Linguistics. Cambridge.

Gerrit, R. (1999). First Explorations in English Syntax. London.

Giordano, E. (1963). Fjalori i Arbëreshëve të Italisë. Bari.

Giorgio, G. (2003). Sintaksa (përkthyese Blerta Topalli). Tiranë.

Goçi, I. (1986). Antonimet e Gjuhës se sotme shqipe. Prishtinë.

Graeme, K. (2003). Structure and meaning in English. Great Britain.

Grup autoresh. (2002). Gramatika e Gjuhës shqipe I. Tiranë.

Grup autoresh. (2002).Gramatika e gjuhës shqipe II. Tiranë.

Ian, R. (1997). Comparative Syntax. London.

Ingo, P. (2003). Word-formation in English. Cambridge.

Jackenddoff, R. (1972). The structure of English noun. Cambridge.

Miller, J. (2002). An Introduction English syntax. Edimburg.

Bresnan, J. (1979). Theory of Complementation in English syntax. London.

Andeson, J. (1968). The grammar of case. London.

Andeson, J. (1975). Noun phrase as adjective. London.

Hewson, J. (1972). Article and noun in English. Paris.

Jensen, J. (1990). Morphology. Word Structure in Generative Grammar. Amsterdam.

Lyons, J. (1968). Introduction to theoretical linguistical. Cambridge.

Michael, L. J. (1973). Studies in English Generics. London.

Askedal, O, J. (2010). Noam Chomsky and language descriptions. Philadelphia.

John, E. (1997). Oxford Practice Grammar. London

Jokl, N. (1972). “Naim be Frashëri e pasunimi i gjuhës shqipe”, Gjurmime

albanologjike, Seria e shkencave filologjike II. Prishtinë.

Josif, M. (2005). Hyrje në sintaksën gjenerative. Prishtinë.

Josif, M. (2008). Rendi i fjalëve dhe struktura e fjalive kohore. Prishtinë.

Juhn, A. (1977). On case grammar, London.

Karl, R. (1982). Categorical grammar and word-formation, Tubingen. Germany.

Kayen, R. (1982). Nouns and Predicate, Glow. Newsletter.

Kazumi, M. (1979). Syntax and Style in Early English. Tokyo.

Langendoen, T. (1969). The study of syntax. New York.

Lasnik, H. (2002).The minimalist Program in Syntax. Cambridge.

Laurie, B. (1983). English word-formation. New York.

Laurie, B. (1983). English Word Formation. Cambridge.

Lawri, B. (1996). English Word-formation. Cambridge.

Lees, R. B. (1960). The Grammar of English Nominalization. The Hague. Mouton.

Leonard, B. (20099). The syntax of argument structure. Cambridge.

Newmark, L. (1982). Philip Hubbard, Peter Prifti. Standard Albanian, A

reference grammar for students. Stanford, California. USA.

Leslie, D. Alan Riding. (2004). Essential Shakespeare handbook. London.

Lilane, H. (1997). The New Comparative syntax. London.

Lloshi, Xh. (1999). Stilistika dhe Pragmatika. Tiranë.

Loyd, G. (1974). Albanian phonology. Wiesbaden. Germany.

Lynn, B. (1999). English syntax. New York.

Lyons, J. (1970). Generative Syntax. Harmondsworth.

Lyons, J. (1984). Language Linguistics. Cambridge University Pres.

Camaj, M. (1984). Albanian grammar. Wiesbaden, Germany.

Matthews, P.H. (1984). Syntax, Cambridge.

Max M. (2002). Doing Grammar. New York.

Çeliku, M (…). (1996).Gramatika e gjuhës shqipe II. Tiranë.

Memushaj, R. (2008). Gjuhësi gjenerative. Tiranë.

Merxhani, B. (1998). Formula të Neoshqiptarismës. Prishtinë.

Michael, M. (2008). English and American literature. Stuttgart.

Michaela, M. (2005). English General Nouns. Liverpool.

Mita, J. (2005). Hyrje në sintaksën gjenerative. Prishtinë.

Nushi, M. (2003). Gjuha e sotme shqipe. Prishtinë.

Chomsky, N. (1972). Studies on semantics in generative grammar. Paris.

Chomsky, N. (1980). Rules and representation. Oxford, London.

Chomsky, N. (1982). The generative enterprise. Dordrecht. Holland.

Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge.

Chomsky, N. (1986). Knowledge of language. New York.

Chomsky, N. (2002). Syntactic Structures. New York.

Chomsky, N. (2007). Language and problems of knowledge, (përkth. në shqip Blerta Topalli). Tiranë.

Chomsky, N. 2010). Development of the Anglo-Saxon Language and Linguistic

Universal. Philadelphia. Culicover, P. (1976). Syntax. New York.

Culicover, P. (1992). Syntax. London.

Culicover, P. (2005). Simple syntax. Oxford.

Culicover, P. (2007). Simpler syntax. Oxford.

Sgall, P (…). (1968). A functional approach to syntax, in generative description

of language. New York.

Qesku, P. (2002). Fjalor Anglisht-Shqip, English-Albanian Dictionery. Tiranë.

Quirk R & Sidney Greenbaum. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. New York.

Raymond, M. (1986). English Grammar in Use. Cambridge.

Van, R. (1997). Valinm Randy, LaPolla. Syntax. New York.

Huddleston, R. (1976). An Introduction to English transformation syntax. New York.

Huddleston, R., Geoffrey Pullum. (2002). The Cambridge grammar of the

English language. Cambridge.

Millaku, Sh. (2009). Kontributi i Zellik Harris për gjuhësinë, IASH. Tetovë.

Millaku, Sh. (2015). Kërkime gjuhësore. Prizren.

Millaku, Sh. (2011). Studime gjuhësore I. Prishtinë.

Millaku, Sh. (2011). Strukturat sintaksore. Prishtinë.

Millaku, Sh. (2009). (Profesor Selman Riza dhe Albanologjia) Studimet e

Selman Rizes në fushën e morfologjisë. Korçë, f. 143-150.

Millaku, Sh. (2011). Historiku i nyjës se prapme (kontrast me gjuhët

ballkanike), Edukologjia, nr.2, f.81-96. Prishtinë.

Shkelqim Millaku, The contrast of Direct Object between Albanian and English language

ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in - http://www.onlinejournal.in/IJIRV2I7/253.pdf

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Dubai, 2016.

Shkelqim Millaku, The contrast of the gender between Albanian and

English language, International Journal of Thales Educational Sciences (THEDS) ISSN (print): 2149-5130 -

http://media.wix.com/ugd/d4d001_2582d04ef0264786b60ca6e76227ebc3.pdf 1-15; Vol.2, No.1, Turqi, 2016

Millaku, Shkelqim, 2015, The Compound Nouns,

https://www.academia.edu/6091482/The_Compound_Nouns

Millaku, Shkelqim, 2016, The Noun Phrases, Anglisticum Journal,

http://www.anglisticum.mk/index.php/Anglisticum/article/viewFile/580/647

Millaku, Shkelqim, 2015, The Direct Object, Anglisticum Journal,

http://anglisticum.mk/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/233, Retrieved on February 17, 2016.

Millaku, Shkelqim, 2015, The Genitive, Anglisticum Journal

http://www.anglisticum.mk/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/156 Retrieved on February 17, 2016.

Pinker, S. (1984). Language Learnability of language development. London.

Mann, S. A. (1932). Short Albanian grammar. London.

Evertsen, L.S. (2004). Native American Literatures, New York.

Chalker, S, Edomnd Weiner. (1994). The Oxford dictionary of English grammar.

Givon, T. (1993). English grammar I. Philadelphia.

Givon, T. (1996). English grammar. Philadelphia.

Jupp, T.C & John Milne. (1968). English sentence structure. London.

Kelmendi, T. (2006). Kështjella e sintaksës. Prishtinë.

Kelmendi, T. (2008). Studime sintaksore. Prishtinë.

Verlag, V. (1986). English Grammar. Berlin.

Harris, Z. (1951). Structural linguistic. London.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2018 Shkelqim Millaku

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The research works published in this journal are free to be accessed. They can be shared (copied and redistributed in any medium or format) and\or adapted (remixed, transformed, and built upon the material for any purpose, commercially and\or not commercially) under the following terms: attribution (appropriate credit must be given indicating original authors, research work name and publication name mentioning if changes were made) and without adding additional restrictions (without restricting others from doing anything the actual license permits). Authors retain the full copyright of their published research works and cannot revoke these freedoms as long as the license terms are followed.

Copyright © 2017-2023. European Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics Studies (ISSN 2559 - 7914 / ISSN-L 2559 - 7914). All rights reserved.


This journal is a serial publication uniquely identified by an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) serial number certificate issued by Romanian National Library. All the research works are uniquely identified by a CrossRef DOI digital object identifier supplied by indexing and repository platforms. All the research works published on this journal are meeting the Open Access Publishing requirements and standards formulated by Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002), the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003) and  Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003) and can be freely accessed, shared, modified, distributed and used in educational, commercial and non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyrights of the published research works are retained by authors.